Nursing Elites

1. Select all that apply. To lower LDL levels, you should:

• A. consume minimal amounts of hydrogenated and saturated fats
• B. consume more insoluble fibers than soluble fibers
• C. consume alcohol in moderate levels
• D. engage in regular physical activity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To lower LDL levels, reducing intake of hydrogenated (trans) and saturated fats is crucial, as these types of fats can raise LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choice B is incorrect because both soluble and insoluble fibers can help lower LDL levels. Choice C is incorrect as excessive alcohol consumption can lead to increased LDL levels. Choice D, engaging in regular physical activity, can help raise HDL (good) cholesterol levels but is not directly related to lowering LDL levels.

2. An estimated _____ percent of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected.

• A. 4%
• B. 21%
• C. 34%
• D. 49%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: '21%'. Approximately 21% of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected. This percentage represents a significant portion of individuals who are not aware of their HIV status, highlighting the importance of increased testing and awareness campaigns. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the estimated percentage provided in the context.

3. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate after a total thyroidectomy?

• A. Place pillows under your patient’s shoulders.
• B. Raise the knee-gatch to 30 degrees
• C. Keep you patient in a high-fowler’s position.
• D. Support the patient’s head and neck with pillows and sandbags.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. Which nutrient has the highest satiety value?

• A. Complex carbohydrates
• B. High-quality protein
• C. Low-quality protein
• D. Fat

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fat has the highest satiety value among the listed nutrients. It slows down digestion, stays in the stomach longer, and provides a sustained release of energy, leading to increased feelings of fullness and satisfaction. Complex carbohydrates can also contribute to satiety, but fat generally has a stronger effect. High-quality protein is important for satiety as well, but it is generally not as filling as fat. Low-quality protein does not have as significant satiating effects as high-quality protein or fat.

5. To follow a healthy diet, a person should be sure that:

• A. 20-35% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
• B. 45-65% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
• C. 45-65% of the total fiber eaten should be made up of soluble fiber
• D. 45-65% of the total calories eaten should be made up of carbs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) suggests that 45-65% of total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.

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