Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following suggestions is the healthiest for Miguel, who is always hungry and never seems to feel full despite eating enough calories?

• A. Switch out energy-dense foods with more nutrient-dense foods that are more likely to make him feel full
• B. Drink adequate amounts of water
• C. A, B
• D. Eat foods with more fat, as fat slows gastric emptying and will make him feel more full

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is A and B. Switching to more nutrient-dense foods can help Miguel feel full despite eating enough calories. Nutrient-dense foods provide essential nutrients and are more satisfying. Drinking adequate water is also crucial for overall health and can help with feelings of fullness. Choice D is incorrect because while fat can contribute to satiety, it should be consumed in balance with other nutrients. Consuming foods with high fat content excessively may lead to other health issues and does not address the underlying problem of feeling constantly hungry despite eating.

2. Which is most likely to initiate periodontal disease?

• A. Nutrient deficiencies
• B. Nutrient excesses
• C. Nutrient imbalances
• D. Plaque biofilm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plaque biofilm is the primary initiator of periodontal disease, as it harbors bacteria that can lead to inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissues.

3. Each of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin except for one. Which is the exception?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, not fat-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are Vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, unlike water-soluble vitamins which are not stored and are eliminated in urine, making them less likely to reach toxic levels.

4. All of the following are instructions for proper foot care to be given to a client with peripheral vascular disease caused by diabetes. Which one is not?

• A. Trim nails using a nail clipper
• B. Apply cornstarch to the foot
• C. Always check the temperature of the water before bathing
• D. Use canvas shoes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A', which says trim nails using a nail clipper. This is incorrect because patients with peripheral vascular disease, particularly those caused by diabetes, should not trim their nails themselves due to the risk of injury, infection, and poor wound healing. The other options, 'B', 'C', and 'D', are correct advice for diabetic foot care. Applying cornstarch can help keep the feet dry and prevent fungal infections. Checking the water temperature before bathing can prevent burns, as patients with peripheral vascular disease often have decreased sensation in their feet. Wearing canvas shoes can improve foot ventilation and reduce the risk of foot ulcers and infections.

5. Which of the following is not correct?

• A. energy density is a comparison of energy (kcals) content to the weight of food
• B. if a food product contains a 15% daily value of calcium, that product is said to be a low source of calcium
• C. MyPlate illustrates the 5 food groups
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A product with 15% Daily Value (DV) of calcium is considered a good source, not a low source. Typically, anything 10-19% DV is considered a good source.

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