Nursing Elites

1. What is the best dietary advice for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia?

• A. Increase dairy consumption
• B. Increase vitamin C intake
• C. Reduce red meat consumption
• D. Increase fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best dietary advice for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia is to increase vitamin C intake. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which can help improve iron-deficiency anemia. Choices A, C, and D are not the best options for this condition. Increasing dairy consumption (Choice A) may not directly address the iron deficiency. Reducing red meat consumption (Choice C) may limit heme iron intake, which is easily absorbed by the body. Increasing fiber intake (Choice D) is generally beneficial but is not specifically recommended as the top advice for iron-deficiency anemia.

2. Which change during pregnancy is related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract?

• A. Diarrhea
• B. Constipation
• C. Decreased absorption of iron
• D. Decreased absorption of calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During pregnancy, the gastrointestinal tract tends to slow down, leading to constipation. This is due to hormonal changes that relax the intestinal muscles, allowing more time for nutrient absorption and ultimately leading to constipation. Diarrhea is not typically associated with the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. Decreased absorption of iron and calcium may occur during pregnancy due to increased demands, but they are not directly related to the slowing of the gastrointestinal tract.

3. Which of the following terms describes the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat?

• A. Stroke volume
• B. Cardiac output
• C. Ejection fraction
• D. Afterload

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke volume. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction. Choice B, Cardiac output, is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute and is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate. Choice C, Ejection fraction, is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat. Choice D, Afterload, refers to the pressure or resistance that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood during systole. Therefore, in the context of the question, the term that specifically describes the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat is stroke volume.

4. The most important quality of a nurse during a Nurse-Patient interaction is:

• A. Understanding
• B. Acceptance
• C. Listening
• D. Teaching

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

5. A nurse is developing a program about strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses for a community group. The nurse should plan to include which of the following recommendations? (Select one that does not apply).

• A. Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4�C (40�F).
• B. Reheat leftovers before eating.
• C. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water.
• D. Keep cooked foods at 48.9�C (120�F).

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to keep cooked foods at 48.9�C (120�F). This temperature is too low to keep cooked foods safe from bacterial growth. The ideal temperature to keep cooked foods safe is above 60�C (140�F). Choices A, B, and C are all important strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses. Keeping cold food temperatures below 4.4�C (40�F) helps prevent bacterial growth, reheating leftovers before eating kills any bacteria that may have grown during storage, and washing raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water helps remove dirt and bacteria.

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