Nursing Elites

1. Risk factors that have been shown to contribute to age-related macular degeneration include _____.

• A. oxidative stress from sunlight
• B. iron-deficiency anemia
• C. decreased intake of phytochemicals
• D. vitamin B6 malabsorption

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxidative stress from sunlight. Oxidative stress caused by exposure to sunlight is a significant risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. This condition can result in vision loss among older individuals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Iron-deficiency anemia, decreased intake of phytochemicals, and vitamin B6 malabsorption are not established risk factors for age-related macular degeneration.

2. The following mechanisms can be utilized as part of the quality assurance program of your hospital EXCEPT:

• A. Patient satisfaction surveys
• B. Peer review to assess care provided
• C. Review of clinical records of care of client
• D. Use of Nursing Interventions Classification

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Which factor contributes to the development of bone diseases in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) due to retention?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Potassium
• D. Phosphorus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is phosphorus. Retention of phosphorus in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) contributes to the development of bone disorders, including osteodystrophy, because it disrupts the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. This imbalance leads to a variety of bone diseases. The other options - iron, sodium, and potassium - while important in the overall metabolic function, are not directly linked to the development of bone diseases in CKD patients due to retention.

4. During the first 24 hours after the thermal injury, you should assess Sergio for:

• A. hypokalemia and hypernatremia
• B. hypokalemia and hyponatremia
• C. hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
• D. hyperkalemia and hypernatremia

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the initial phase after a thermal injury, the major concern is the release of potassium due to cell damage, leading to hyperkalemia. Hypernatremia is not typically a primary concern in the immediate post-injury phase. Hyponatremia is less likely to occur initially after a burn injury. Therefore, the correct assessment for Sergio during the first 24 hours after the thermal injury would be hyperkalemia and hypernatremia.

5. A person who consumes mostly pre-packaged meals is likely consuming too much ____.

• A. iron
• B. zinc
• C. sodium
• D. riboflavin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Pre-packaged meals often contain high levels of sodium, which can contribute to hypertension and other health issues when consumed in excess.

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