Nursing Elites

1. Risk factors that have been shown to contribute to age-related macular degeneration include _____.

• A. oxidative stress from sunlight
• B. iron-deficiency anemia
• C. decreased intake of phytochemicals
• D. vitamin B6 malabsorption

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxidative stress from sunlight. Oxidative stress caused by exposure to sunlight is a significant risk factor for age-related macular degeneration. This condition can result in vision loss among older individuals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Iron-deficiency anemia, decreased intake of phytochemicals, and vitamin B6 malabsorption are not established risk factors for age-related macular degeneration.

2. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?

• A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
• B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
• C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
• D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.

3. In which condition is underconsumption of fat not a concern?

• A. Malabsorption syndromes
• B. Cystic fibrosis
• C. AIDS
• D. Hypertension

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hypertension. Hypertension is not typically associated with underconsumption of fat; instead, it is more related to the consumption of excess fat, especially saturated and trans fats, which can contribute to increased blood pressure. Malabsorption syndromes, cystic fibrosis, and AIDS are conditions where underconsumption of fat can be a concern due to various reasons such as malabsorption issues, pancreatic insufficiency, or increased energy needs.

4. On the study “effects of effective nurse-patient communication in decreasing anxiety of post operative patients” What is the Independent variable?

• A. Effective Nurse-patient communication
• B. Communication
• C. Decreasing Anxiety
• D. Post operative patient

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. A patient is being discharged with a vitamin K deficiency. What food should the nurse recommend to the patient to include in their diet?

• A. Oranges
• B. Spinach
• C. Fish
• D. Nuts

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Spinach is an excellent source of vitamin K, which plays a vital role in blood clotting and bone health. Oranges, fish, and nuts do not contain significant amounts of vitamin K, making them less suitable choices to address a vitamin K deficiency. Therefore, the correct recommendation for a patient with a vitamin K deficiency would be to include spinach in their diet to help replenish this essential vitamin.

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