Nursing Elites

1. Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating __________, which are heavily contaminated with __________.

• A. long-lived predatory fish; mercury
• B. freshwater fish; lead
• C. long-lived predatory fish; polychlorinated biphenyls
• D. freshwater fish; radiation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pregnant women are wise to avoid eating long-lived predatory fish, which are heavily contaminated with mercury. Mercury is a known teratogen, meaning it can negatively impact the development of the fetus and lead to birth defects. It is recommended that pregnant women choose fish with lower levels of mercury to reduce potential risks to the baby's health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and radiation are not typically found in fish at levels that pose significant risks to pregnant women and the developing fetus.

2. Developmental social neuroscience __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 17 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

• A. involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
• B. emphasizes that preschoolers’ thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
• C. is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
• D. involves the study of brain activity and the individual’s linear and logical cognitive processing patterns Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Developmental social neuroscience is dedicated to examining the connection between changes in the brain and emotional and social development. This field of study focuses on how the brain's development influences an individual's social and emotional behavior. By studying brain activity alongside emotional and social development, researchers can gain insights into how these aspects are interrelated and how they impact one another.

3. Spatial skills __________.

• A. increase exponentially in early childhood
• B. support children's improved executive function
• C. develop gradually over childhood and adolescence
• D. are typically housed in the left hemisphere

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Spatial skills develop gradually over childhood and adolescence, reflecting the increasing complexity of these abilities. Choice A is incorrect because spatial skills do not increase exponentially in early childhood but rather develop steadily. Choice B is incorrect as spatial skills are not directly linked to executive function. Choice D is incorrect because spatial skills are not typically housed in a specific hemisphere but involve a network of brain regions.

4. During her pregnancy, Padma increased her intake of coffee and tea. Her doctor is likely to tell her that high doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea increase the risk of __________.

• A. premature labor
• B. limb deformities
• C. respiratory distress at birth
• D. low birth weight Answer: D Page Ref: 83 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: D

Rationale: High doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea have been linked to an increased risk of low birth weight. Consuming large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy can interfere with the baby's growth and development, leading to a lower birth weight than expected. It is important for pregnant women to limit their caffeine intake to reduce the risk of complications such as low birth weight.

5. Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.

• A. catch fewer infections during the first year
• B. are less likely to die during the first year
• C. more often show evidence of brain damage
• D. have higher intelligence tests by middle childhood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Small-for-date infants more often show evidence of brain damage than preterm infants. This can be attributed to factors such as intrauterine growth restriction and poor nutrition during pregnancy, which can affect the development of the baby's brain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no evidence to support that small-for-date infants catch fewer infections, are less likely to die, or have higher intelligence tests compared to preterm infants.

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