Nursing Elites

1. What is the longest stage of labor?

• A. Delivery of the baby
• B. Delivery of the placenta
• C. Dilation and effacement of the cervix
• D. Release of epinephrine and cortisol

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilation and effacement of the cervix. This stage can last for hours, especially for first-time mothers, as the cervix needs to dilate and efface to allow for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Once the cervix is fully dilated and effaced, the woman can begin pushing during the second stage of labor to deliver the baby. The delivery of the baby itself is usually a shorter process compared to the time taken for the cervix to dilate and efface. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they represent other stages within the labor process that come after the dilation and effacement of the cervix.

2. __________ emerges early prenatally and is well-developed at birth.

• A. Visual acuity
• B. Color vision
• C. Depth perception
• D. Sensitivity to touch

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sensitivity to touch emerges early prenatally and is well-developed at birth. Newborn babies have a well-developed sense of touch, which is crucial for bonding with their caregivers and exploring their environment. This sensitivity to touch helps babies respond to comforting sensations such as gentle strokes and cuddles. Visual acuity, color vision, and depth perception are sensory capabilities that develop and mature after birth, not prenatally. While important for interacting with the environment, they are not as well-developed at birth as sensitivity to touch.

3. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon __________.

• A. wrote the first book of its time on aging
• B. were among the first to make child development knowledge meaningful to parents
• C. regarded development as a maturational process
• D. constructed the first successful intelligence test Answer: D Page Ref: 14 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Scientific Beginnings Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon constructed the first successful intelligence test, known as the Binet-Simon scale, in an effort to measure a child's intelligence level. This test was groundbreaking at the time and laid the foundation for the development of future intelligence tests.

4. In the scenario where parents at Central Elementary School responded to a multiple-choice questionnaire regarding the most important activity they do with their child, this is an example of a __________.

• A. structured interview
• B. clinical interview
• C. naturalistic observation
• D. structured observation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A structured interview involves asking individuals a predetermined set of questions in a set order. In this scenario, parents at Central Elementary School were given a multiple-choice questionnaire, which indicates that the questions were predetermined and likely asked in a specific order. This method allows for standardized data collection and comparison across participants. Choice B, clinical interview, involves in-depth questioning aimed at understanding an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to psychological issues, which is not the case here. Choice C, naturalistic observation, involves observing individuals in their natural environment without interference, which is not applicable to a questionnaire scenario. Choice D, structured observation, involves systematically observing behavior in predefined ways, not relevant to the given scenario of questionnaire responses.

5. What is one strength of the cross-sectional design?

• A. It provides evidence about individual trends.
• B. It cannot be threatened by cohort effects.
• C. It is not plagued with dropout or practice effects.
• D. It permits longitudinal comparisons. Answer: C Page Ref: 34 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One strength of the cross-sectional design is that it is not plagued with dropout or practice effects. This is because cross-sectional studies assess different individuals at the same point in time, eliminating the risk of participants dropping out or improving due to repeated measures.

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