Nursing Elites

1. During her pregnancy, Padma increased her intake of coffee and tea. Her doctor is likely to tell her that high doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea increase the risk of __________.

• A. premature labor
• B. limb deformities
• C. respiratory distress at birth
• D. low birth weight Answer: D Page Ref: 83 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: D

Rationale: High doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea have been linked to an increased risk of low birth weight. Consuming large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy can interfere with the baby's growth and development, leading to a lower birth weight than expected. It is important for pregnant women to limit their caffeine intake to reduce the risk of complications such as low birth weight.

2. Brain growth is especially dramatic during __________, when the brain more than doubles in size.

• A. the first year
• B. the second year
• C. middle childhood
• D. adolescence

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Brain growth is especially dramatic during the first year of life when the brain more than doubles in size. This period is characterized by rapid neural development and growth. The brain doesn't double in size during the second year, making choice B incorrect. Middle childhood and adolescence do not represent periods where the brain more than doubles in size, making choices C and D incorrect, respectively.

3. When Mateo was born prematurely to Yvonne, a cocaine addict, what can his caregivers expect?

• A. He will be very attentive to the environment
• B. His cries will be abnormally shrill and piercing
• C. He will overcome the harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3
• D. His motor development will be especially rapid during the first year

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mateo, being born prematurely to a cocaine-addicted mother, is at risk for several health issues. One common effect of prenatal drug exposure is a higher likelihood of sensory and regulatory problems, such as having abnormally shrill and piercing cries. This is a potential outcome that Mateo's caregivers can expect due to his circumstances. Choice A is incorrect as there is no direct correlation between being born prematurely to a cocaine-addicted mother and being very attentive to the environment. Choice C is incorrect as overcoming harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3 is overly optimistic and may not be the case for all children exposed to drugs prenatally. Choice D is incorrect as rapid motor development is not typically associated with prenatal drug exposure.

4. Which statement about prenatal rubella is true?

• A. The greatest damage occurs when rubella strikes during the fetal period.
• B. The organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 15 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
• C. Routine vaccination has made new rubella outbreaks extremely rare worldwide.
• D. Infection during the embryonic period is less harmful than during other prenatal periods. Answer: B Page Ref: 86‒87 Skill Level: Understand known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the organ damage inflicted by prenatal rubella can lead to lifelong health problems is true. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious harm to the developing fetus, including organ damage, deafness, heart defects, and intellectual disabilities. This highlights the importance of prevention and vaccination to protect both pregnant women and their unborn babies from the harmful effects of rubella.

5. Which expectant mother has the greatest risk of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome?

• A. Chloe, a Caucasian American
• B. Latima, an African American
• C. Yvonne, a Native American
• D. Ming, an Asian American Answer: C Page Ref: 85 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to research, Native American populations have the highest prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the United States. This increased risk is due to various social, cultural, and environmental factors within Native American communities.

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