Nursing Elites

1. Patients with kidney stones should increase their intake of:

• A. fluids
• B. vitamin C
• C. oxalates
• D. protein

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patients with kidney stones should increase their intake of fluids. Increasing fluid intake helps to dilute the urine and reduce the risk of kidney stones forming by flushing out minerals that can crystallize. This promotes the passage of small stones and helps prevent the formation of new ones. Vitamin C and protein intake should be moderated as excessive consumption may lead to the formation of certain types of kidney stones. Oxalates should be limited in the diet as they can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones, a common type of kidney stone.

2. A nurse is planning teaching for the parents of a toddler who follows a vegetarian diet. The nurse should plan to include which of the following foods as the best source of dietary protein for the child?

• A. Soy milk
• B. Peanut butter
• C. Dried beans
• D. Whole grains

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dried beans are the best source of dietary protein for a toddler following a vegetarian diet. They are rich in protein and other essential nutrients. Soy milk, while a good source of protein, may not provide as much protein density as dried beans. Peanut butter is a good source of protein but may not be as protein-dense as dried beans. Whole grains are not as high in protein content compared to dried beans, making them a less optimal choice for meeting the toddler's protein needs.

3. What describes a criterion used to diagnose diabetes?

• A. a plasma glucose concentration of 100 mg/dL or higher after a fast of at least 12 hours
• B. a casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms
• C. a plasma glucose concentration measured two hours after a 200-gram glucose load is 400 mg/dL or higher
• D. a HbA1C higher than 5 percent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A casual blood sample of 200 mg/dL or higher in a person with classic symptoms is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes. This choice aligns with the typical clinical presentation of diabetes and is a key diagnostic indicator. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the established criteria for diagnosing diabetes, making them incorrect. Choice A pertains to a fasting plasma glucose level, Choice C involves a glucose challenge test, and Choice D refers to HbA1C levels, which are used for monitoring blood sugar control over time, not for diagnosing diabetes.

4. Which mental health disorder can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity?

• A. Bulimia
• B. Anorexia nervosa
• C. Depression
• D. Schizophrenia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bulimia. Bulimia involves repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, which can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity. This behavior exposes the teeth to stomach acid during purging, causing damage to the enamel. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these conditions are not typically associated with the specific oral health issues mentioned in the question.

5. Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?

• A. dietitian
• B. speech-language pathologist
• C. dietetic technician
• D. occupational therapist

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An occupational therapist is the team member who works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and teaches the client how to use them. Occupational therapists specialize in helping individuals with physical or cognitive impairments to perform daily activities. In this scenario, the need for special feeding devices may be due to impaired motor function or disability, making the occupational therapist the correct choice. The other options, dietitian, speech-language pathologist, and dietetic technician, do not typically specialize in evaluating the need for feeding devices or teaching clients how to use them.

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