Nursing Elites

1. Organ systems consist of organs, which consist of tissues.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. Organ systems are made up of organs, which in turn are composed of tissues. Organs are structures made up of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions. Tissues, on the other hand, are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Therefore, organs are made up of tissues, and organ systems consist of organs.

2. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

• A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
• B. increased cardiac output
• C. decreased respiratory rate
• D. increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.

3. Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands?

• A. Hypothalamus gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Parathyroid glands

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood by secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH helps increase calcium levels in the blood when they are too low. The other glands listed, such as the Hypothalamus, Thyroid, and Pituitary glands, do not directly control calcium concentration in the blood.

4. Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

• A. Xiphoid process
• B. Symphysis pubis
• C. Sacrum
• D. Sternum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Symphysis pubis. The symphysis pubis is a component of the appendicular skeleton, specifically part of the pelvic girdle. The xiphoid process (Choice A) is part of the axial skeleton, located at the lower end of the sternum. The sacrum (Choice C) is also part of the axial skeleton, forming the posterior part of the pelvis. The sternum (Choice D) is part of the axial skeleton, located in the center of the chest.

5. Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body?

• A. Shivering when the body temperature falls below normal.
• B. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
• C. Retaining fluid excessively.
• D. Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Homeostatic mechanisms aim to maintain internal stability within the body. Choices A, B, and D all represent examples of homeostatic mechanisms. Shivering helps generate heat to raise body temperature back to normal levels. Increasing heart rate and force of contraction work to restore blood pressure. Insulin secretion after a meal helps regulate blood sugar levels. On the other hand, retaining fluid excessively can lead to fluid imbalance rather than maintaining internal stability, making it the incorrect choice.

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