Nursing Elites

1. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true?

• A. The head is facing to the front.
• B. The palms are facing forward.
• C. The body is erect.
• D. The upper limbs are at the sides.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the anatomical position, the palms are facing forward, not backward. Choice A is correct because the head is indeed facing to the front. Choice C is correct as the body is erect. Choice D is correct as the upper limbs are positioned at the sides. Therefore, the incorrect statement is that the palms are facing forward.

2. An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)

• A. anatomist.
• B. physiologist.
• C. chemist.
• D. biochemist.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'physiologist.' A physiologist studies how the body functions under normal and abnormal conditions, including how temperature changes can affect physiological processes like heart rate. An anatomist focuses on the structure of organisms rather than their functions, making choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they are more related to the study of chemicals and biochemistry, which are not directly relevant to investigating the effects of temperature on heart rate.

3. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?

• A. formation of plugs
• B. promotion of vasodilation
• C. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
• D. activation of calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming plugs to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because platelets do not promote vasodilation; instead, they help in vasoconstriction. Choice C is incorrect as the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is a function of the coagulation cascade involving various clotting factors, not platelets. Choice D is incorrect as platelets do not directly activate calcium; instead, they play a role in the activation of other clotting factors.

4. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

• A. anterior
• B. proximal
• C. superficial
• D. superior

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'superficial.' In anatomy, the term 'superficial' refers to a structure that is close to the surface of the body. Choice A, 'anterior,' refers to the front of the body, not specifically to depth. Choice B, 'proximal,' refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body. Choice D, 'superior,' indicates a structure that is above or higher in position.

5. What causes wrinkled and sagging skin?

• A. Drinking too much water
• B. Heredity alone
• C. Loss of subcutaneous fat and reduced levels of elastin and collagen
• D. Excess subcutaneous fat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Wrinkled and sagging skin is primarily caused by the loss of subcutaneous fat and reduced levels of elastin and collagen in the skin. Choice A is incorrect as drinking too much water does not lead to wrinkled and sagging skin. Choice B is incorrect because heredity alone does not cause this condition. Excess subcutaneous fat, as mentioned in Choice D, can contribute to a different skin appearance, such as puffiness, but not wrinkled and sagging skin.

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