Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

• A. Xiphoid process
• B. Symphysis pubis
• C. Sacrum
• D. Sternum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Symphysis pubis. The symphysis pubis is a component of the appendicular skeleton, specifically part of the pelvic girdle. The xiphoid process (Choice A) is part of the axial skeleton, located at the lower end of the sternum. The sacrum (Choice C) is also part of the axial skeleton, forming the posterior part of the pelvis. The sternum (Choice D) is part of the axial skeleton, located in the center of the chest.

2. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

• A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
• B. increased cardiac output
• C. decreased respiratory rate
• D. increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.

3. Cells do not aggregate into organelles based on similar functions.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement is false. Cells with similar functions do not aggregate into organelles. Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Cells themselves are the basic structural and functional units of organisms, and organelles are located within cells to carry out various tasks. Therefore, cells do not aggregate into organelles, but organelles are found within cells to support their functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as cells do not form organelles by aggregating based on similar functions.

4. What is the membrane on the surface of a lung called?

• A. visceral pleura
• B. parietal pleura
• C. visceral pericardium
• D. parietal pericardium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: visceral pleura. The membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the visceral pleura. It is a serous membrane that is in direct contact with the lung tissue. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parietal pleura covers the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm, the visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and the parietal pericardium is the outer layer of the pericardium surrounding the heart, respectively.

5. Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of the intensity of the temperature.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, while heat is the transfer of energy from a hotter object to a colder one. Heat is not a measurement of the intensity of temperature, but rather the energy transfer due to a temperature difference. Therefore, the correct answer is True. Choice B (False) is incorrect as the statement is true based on the definitions of temperature and heat.

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