Nursing Elites

1. Why are LDLs known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol?

• A. LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is considered 'bad' cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis).
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is known as the 'bad' type of cholesterol because it deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This narrowing can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of serious cardiovascular conditions. The statement and the reason are directly related because the adherence of LDL to arterial walls and the subsequent narrowing of the lumen are the primary reasons why it is considered detrimental to heart health. Choice B is incorrect because the statement and reason are related. Choice C is incorrect because both the statement and the reason are correct. Choice D is incorrect because the statement correctly identifies LDL as the 'bad' type of cholesterol due to its actions in the arteries.

2. You would expect that after an abdominal perineal resection, the type of colostomy that will be use is?

• A. Double barrel colostomy
• B. Temporary colostomy
• C. Permanent colostomy
• D. An Ileostomy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has Phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?

• A. Diet sodas should not be consumed more than two or three times a week.
• B. Serum bilirubin should be monitored once or twice a month during pregnancy.
• C. Breastfeeding will not prevent your baby from developing PKU.
• D. A low-protein diet should be followed for three months before conception.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A low-protein diet should be followed for three months before conception in individuals with PKU who are planning a pregnancy. This diet helps manage PKU by reducing phenylalanine levels, which is crucial for maternal and fetal health. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is not directly related to managing PKU, choice B focuses on a different aspect of care during pregnancy, and choice C is inaccurate as breastfeeding will not prevent a baby from developing PKU.

4. Before and after the operation, the operating suite is managed by the:

• A. Surgeon C. Nurse Manager
• B. Nurse Supervisor D. Chief Nurse
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

5. A client is being instructed by a nurse about foods that should be included in a low-fiber diet. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?

• A. I can cut up carrots and celery sticks for my lunch.
• B. I will eat a bran muffin for my mid-morning snack.
• C. I will have oatmeal with skim milk for my breakfast.
• D. I should choose canned peaches for my fruit serving.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because canned peaches are lower in fiber compared to the other options. Carrots, celery sticks, bran muffins, and oatmeal are high-fiber choices, which are not suitable for a low-fiber diet. Choosing canned peaches aligns with the requirements of a low-fiber diet.

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