john watson argued that psychologists should
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Exam 4 Psychology 101

1. John Watson argued that psychologists should?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: John Watson was a key figure in the development of behaviorism, which advocated for focusing on observable behavior rather than the study of consciousness. Choice D is the correct answer because Watson believed that psychology should abandon the study of consciousness. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Watson's approach emphasized behavior and rejected the importance of consciousness, introspection, or confining psychology to only mentally ill individuals.

2. If having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees that Parkinson's disease will develop, the gene is a ________.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: necessary cause. A necessary cause is an essential factor for the disorder to occur. In this scenario, if having a gene for Parkinson's disease guarantees the development of the disease, then the gene is a necessary cause. Choice A, 'risk factor,' implies an increased likelihood of developing the disease but does not indicate certainty. Choice C, 'sufficient cause,' indicates that the gene alone can bring about the disease, which is not necessarily true in this context. Choice D, 'contributory cause,' suggests that the gene plays a part in causing the disease but is not essential for its development.

3. There is experimental evidence showing that consistently being discriminated against may cause a person to ________.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'have cardiovascular reactivity.' Consistent discrimination can lead to increased cardiovascular reactivity, impacting heart health. Choice A ('be happy') is incorrect because discrimination typically causes distress and negative emotions. Choice B ('be more conscious') is not directly related to the impact of discrimination. Choice D ('have greater intelligence and wisdom') is also unrelated to the physiological response of cardiovascular reactivity caused by discrimination.

4. Which of the following statements is true?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Genes play a role in most mental disorders.' This statement is true as genes do play a significant role in the development of various mental disorders. Choice A is incorrect because most behavioral disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors, not exclusively genes. Choice C is incorrect as genes do affect biochemical processes. Choice D is incorrect because the expression of genes in an individual can be influenced by experiences and environmental factors, a concept known as gene-environment interaction.

5. The interpersonal perspective ________.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The interpersonal perspective emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior. Choice A is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective focuses on social interactions rather than being a reaction against psychoanalysis. Choice B is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective is not specifically attributed to Erik Erikson. Choice D is incorrect as the most influential humanistic perspective today would be humanistic psychology, not the interpersonal perspective.

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