Nursing Elites

1. Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed for the absorption of which vitamin?

• A. vitamin B12
• B. folate
• C. niacin
• D. vitamin B6

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 binds to intrinsic factor in the stomach, forming a complex that is then absorbed in the ileum. This absorption process is crucial for preventing vitamin B12 deficiency. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not require intrinsic factor for absorption. Folate is absorbed in the small intestine through a different mechanism, niacin can be absorbed in the small intestine without the need for intrinsic factor, and vitamin B6 does not rely on intrinsic factor for absorption.

2. A client newly diagnosed with hypertension is receiving teaching about the Mediterranean diet from a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly.
• B. I can have dairy in moderate portions daily.
• C. I can have fish two times a week.
• D. I can drink wine in moderation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Patients with hypertension should be advised to limit alcohol consumption, including wine, to help manage their blood pressure. Choices A, B, and C are all consistent with the Mediterranean diet and are appropriate for a client with hypertension. Reducing red meat intake, consuming dairy in moderate portions, and having fish regularly align with the principles of this heart-healthy eating pattern.

3. The small intestine is comprised of the cecum, colon, and rectum. The large intestine includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both statements are false. The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, while the large intestine includes the cecum, colon, and rectum.

4. Worldwide, what is the most common nutrient deficiency?

• A. magnesium deficiency
• B. iron deficiency
• C. selenium deficiency
• D. zinc deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency globally. It leads to anemia and affects many populations, especially women and children. Magnesium, selenium, and zinc deficiencies are important, but they are not as prevalent as iron deficiency on a global scale.

5. In an extreme situation and when no other resident or intern is available, should a nurse receive telephone orders, the order has to be correctly written and signed by the physician within:

• A. 24 hours
• B. 36 hours
• C. 48 hours
• D. 12 hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In an extreme situation where no other resident or intern is available, if a nurse receives telephone orders, the order has to be correctly written and signed by the physician within 36 hours. This time frame ensures timely documentation and validation of the orders. Choice A (24 hours) is too short a period for busy physicians to fulfill the task. Choice C (48 hours) is too long and delays the incorporation of physician orders into the patient's care plan. Choice D (12 hours) may not provide enough time for the physician to review and sign the order, especially in situations where immediate attention is not required.

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