in type 1 diabetes blood glucose levels are high because

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. Why are blood glucose levels high in type 1 diabetes?

A. The urinary excretion of glucose is impaired
B. The lean body mass is metabolized to produce glucose via gluconeogenesis
C. The absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract is more efficient
D. There is insufficient insulin to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This leads to an insufficient amount of insulin, which is required to facilitate the transport of glucose into the cells. Consequently, blood glucose levels remain high. The other options are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because urinary excretion of glucose does not directly contribute to blood glucose levels. Option B is incorrect because, while gluconeogenesis does produce glucose, it is not the cause of high glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. Option C is incorrect because absorption efficiency of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract does not affect the amount of insulin available to transport glucose into cells.

2. During early tooth development, vitamin A deficiency leads to enamel hypoplasia and defective dentin formation. Because of its effect on soft tissues and bone, vitamin A contributes to normal spacing of teeth.

A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. The effect of vitamin A on the growth of soft tissues and bones naturally extends to the teeth and surrounding structures. Enamel hypoplasia, involving defective enamel matrix and incomplete calcification of enamel and dentin, can be due to vitamin A deficiency. The effect of this vitamin upon surrounding bone directly affects spacing patterns of the teeth within the bone and dentition. Choice A is correct because both statements accurately describe the influence of vitamin A on tooth development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the accuracy of the statements provided.

3. The ideal time to begin taking folate to prevent neural tube defects is:

A. Before conception
B. Once pregnancy begins
C. At 6 weeks
D. Upon completion of the first trimester

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Folate is crucial before conception to prevent neural tube defects. Neural tube development occurs early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.

4. A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?

A. Encourage the client to participate in developing a system of rewards.
B. Arrange for someone to remain with the client for 30 minutes after meals.
C. Offer the client a selection of beverages at each meal.
D. Inform the client that a weight gain of 2.3 kg per week is expected.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging the client to participate in developing a system of rewards is an essential part of the plan of care for a client with anorexia nervosa. This action can help motivate and engage the client in their treatment plan, promoting a sense of achievement and progress. Choice B, arranging for someone to remain with the client for 30 minutes after meals, may not address the underlying issues related to anorexia nervosa and could potentially disrupt the client's independence. Choice C, offering a selection of beverages at each meal, is not directly related to addressing the client's condition of anorexia nervosa. Choice D, informing the client about an expected weight gain, could increase anxiety and may not be appropriate without considering the client's individual progress and readiness.

5. Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?

A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.