Nursing Elites

1. For a child with Kawasaki disease, which symptom is most indicative of the acute phase?

• A. Strawberry tongue
• B. Joint pain
• C. Rash
• D. Peeling skin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Strawberry tongue. In Kawasaki disease, a 'strawberry tongue' is most indicative of the acute phase. This refers to the tongue appearing red and swollen with enlarged fungiform papillae, giving it a strawberry-like appearance. Joint pain (Choice B) is more commonly associated with other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Rash (Choice C) and peeling skin (Choice D) are also seen in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific to the acute phase as the presence of a strawberry tongue.

2. What intervention is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child?

• A. Administer oxygen
• B. Apply cold compresses
• C. Restrict fluids
• D. Encourage bed rest

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen is crucial during a sickle cell crisis in a child as it helps to prevent further sickling of cells. Oxygen therapy can improve oxygen saturation levels, reducing the risk of tissue damage and complications. Applying cold compresses (choice B) is not recommended as it can potentially worsen vaso-occlusive crisis by causing vasoconstriction. Restricting fluids (choice C) is not appropriate as hydration is essential to prevent dehydration and maintain adequate blood flow. Encouraging bed rest (choice D) may be necessary but administering oxygen takes precedence in managing a sickle cell crisis.

3. What may be a clinical manifestation of failure to thrive (FTT) in a 13-month-old include?

• A. Irregularity in activities of daily living
• B. Preferring solid food to milk or formula
• C. Weight that is at or below the 10th percentile
• D. Appropriate achievement of developmental landmarks

Correct answer: C

Rationale: FTT is characterized by weight that falls below the 10th percentile, often accompanied by delayed developmental milestones and poor feeding habits. Regularity in activities and preference for solid food over milk or formula are less commonly associated with FTT.

4. In teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection, the nurse should recommend which characteristic?

• A. Easily grasped handle
• B. Detachable shield for cleaning
• C. Soft, pliable material
• D. Ribbon or string to secure to clothing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A pacifier with an easily grasped handle is safer and more convenient for the infant to use without the risk of choking hazards that detachable parts might pose.

5. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?

• A. Preschool
• B. Young school age
• C. Middle school age
• D. Adolescent

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Preschool children are at higher risk for injury due to magical and egocentric thinking, which can lead to misjudgments about their abilities and dangers.

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