Nursing Elites

1. For a child with Kawasaki disease, which symptom is most indicative of the acute phase?

• A. Strawberry tongue
• B. Joint pain
• C. Rash
• D. Peeling skin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Strawberry tongue. In Kawasaki disease, a 'strawberry tongue' is most indicative of the acute phase. This refers to the tongue appearing red and swollen with enlarged fungiform papillae, giving it a strawberry-like appearance. Joint pain (Choice B) is more commonly associated with other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Rash (Choice C) and peeling skin (Choice D) are also seen in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific to the acute phase as the presence of a strawberry tongue.

2. The nurse is explaining different parenting styles to a group of parents. The nurse explains that an authoritative parenting style can lead to which child behavior?

• A. Shyness
• B. Self-reliance
• C. Submissiveness
• D. Self-consciousness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An authoritative parenting style, which balances warmth with firmness, is associated with fostering self-reliance and independence in children.

3. A child is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure. The parents ask about the prognosis for acute renal failure. The nurse’s response should be based on which statement about acute renal failure?

• A. Children with acute renal failure will have to take prophylactic antibiotics for life.
• B. Acute renal failure always leads to chronic renal failure.
• C. Acute renal failure may be reversible.
• D. All children with acute renal failure will eventually need a kidney transplant.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute renal failure in children is often reversible, especially when the underlying cause is identified and treated promptly. It does not always lead to chronic renal failure or the need for a kidney transplant. Choice A is incorrect as prophylactic antibiotics for life are not a standard treatment for acute renal failure. Choice B is incorrect as acute renal failure does not always progress to chronic renal failure. Choice D is incorrect as not all children with acute renal failure will eventually require a kidney transplant.

4. The nurse is interviewing the mother of an infant. The mother reports, "I had a difficult delivery, and my baby was born prematurely." This information should be recorded under which heading?

• A. History
• B. Present illness
• C. Chief complaint
• D. Review of systems

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The history section of the health record includes details about pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as these factors can have significant implications for the child's health.

5. What is the therapeutic intervention that provides the best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis?

• A. Nutritional support
• B. Liver transplantation
• C. Blood component therapy
• D. Treatment with corticosteroids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Liver transplantation offers the best chance of survival for children with cirrhosis, especially in advanced stages where the liver can no longer function effectively. Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. While nutritional support, blood component therapy, and corticosteroids may be part of the treatment plan to manage symptoms and complications, they do not address the underlying cause of cirrhosis or provide a cure like liver transplantation does.

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