Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching parents about high-fiber foods that can prevent constipation. What foods should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Oranges
• B. All are correct
• C. Lima beans
• D. Baked beans

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: All are correct. High-fiber foods like oranges, lima beans, baked beans, and raisin bran cereal are effective in preventing constipation. Oranges are a good source of fiber, lima beans and baked beans are high in fiber content, and raisin bran cereal is also rich in fiber. Bananas, which are not listed but could be considered by some as a high-fiber food, are actually low in fiber and may not be as effective in preventing constipation. Therefore, the nurse should include all the options provided in the teaching to help prevent constipation effectively.

2. According to Freud’s developmental theory, infancy is a stage of:

• A. Orality
• B. Latency
• C. Genitality
• D. Anality

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In Freud’s psychosexual development theory, the oral stage is the first stage and occurs during infancy. It focuses on activities involving the mouth, such as sucking and feeding. This stage is crucial for the child's development as it forms the basis for trust and attachment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as latency refers to the stage during middle childhood where sexual impulses are suppressed, genitality refers to the final stage focusing on mature sexual relationships, and anality refers to the stage occurring during the toddler years where toilet training plays a significant role.

3. What statement is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared with hemodialysis?

• A. Protein loss is less extensive.
• B. Dietary limitations are not necessary.
• C. It is easy to learn and safe to perform.
• D. It is needed less frequently than hemodialysis.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Peritoneal dialysis is generally easier to learn and can be safely performed at home. Although dietary limitations still apply, this method offers greater flexibility in treatment scheduling compared to hemodialysis, which often requires multiple weekly visits to a dialysis center.

4. An 8-year-old girl asks the nurse how the blood pressure apparatus works. The most appropriate nursing action is which?

• A. Ask her why she wants to know.
• B. Determine why she is so anxious.
• C. Explain in simple terms how it works.
• D. Tell her she will see how it works as it is used.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Providing a simple explanation satisfies the child's curiosity and helps reduce any anxiety about the procedure.

5. Which drug is usually the best choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for a child in the immediate postoperative period?

• A. Codeine sulfate (Codeine)
• B. Morphine (Roxanol)
• C. Methadone (Dolophine)
• D. Meperidine (Demerol)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Morphine is the drug of choice for PCA in children because of its efficacy, safety profile, and rapid onset of action for pain management.

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