Nursing Elites

1. What test is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption?

• A. Stool pH
• B. Urine ketones
• C. C urea breath test
• D. ELISA stool assay

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Stool pH testing is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption. A low pH indicates the presence of unabsorbed carbohydrates, which are fermented by bacteria, leading to acidic stool.

2. In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?

• A. Irritability
• B. Rapid heartbeat
• C. Confusion
• D. Sweating

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.

3. What is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants?

• A. Dry cough
• B. Wheezing
• C. Stridor
• D. Productive cough

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wheezing. Wheezing is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants, typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation and mucus buildup in the small airways of the lungs, leading to wheezing sounds during breathing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dry cough, stridor, and productive cough are not typical features of bronchiolitis in infants.

4. What statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?

• A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
• B. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
• C. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
• D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Renal transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for children with end-stage renal disease, as it offers the best chance for a normal lifestyle compared to long-term dialysis. Transplantation can be performed at any age, and kidneys can come from adult donors as well.

5. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?

• A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
• B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
• C. Male, even-tempered, history of previous injuries
• D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A male child with a high activity level and a stressful home life has multiple risk factors for childhood injuries, requiring closer supervision and preventive measures.

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