clinical manifestations of sodium excess hypernatremia include which signs or symptoms

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

A. Hyperreflexia
B. Abdominal cramps
C. Cardiac dysrhythmias
D. Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hypernatremia often presents with dry, sticky mucous membranes due to dehydration. Hyperreflexia and abdominal cramps may also occur, but dry mucous membranes are more consistently observed in cases of sodium excess.

2. What signs or symptoms are most commonly associated with the prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis?

A. Bruising and lethargy
B. Anorexia and malaise
C. Fatigability and jaundice
D. Dark urine and pale stools

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anorexia and malaise. The prodromal phase of acute viral hepatitis is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as anorexia (loss of appetite) and malaise (general feeling of discomfort). These symptoms typically precede the more specific signs of jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools that manifest in the icteric phase. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because bruising and lethargy, fatigability and jaundice, and dark urine and pale stools are typically seen in later stages of acute viral hepatitis, not in the prodromal phase.

3. Rectal temperatures are indicated in which situation?

A. In the newborn period
B. Whenever accuracy is essential
C. Rectal temperatures are never indicated
D. When rapid temperature changes are occurring

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rectal temperatures provide the most accurate measurement of core body temperature and are therefore indicated when accuracy is essential.

4. The parents of a 2-month-old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. What is the nurse's best response?

A. Allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes and then pick him up
B. Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him
C. Babies this young cry when they are hungry. Try feeding him when he cries
D. If he isn’t soiled or wet, leave him, and he'll cry himself to sleep

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Comforting and cuddling a 2-month-old baby when they cry helps build trust and security. At this age, responding to cries does not lead to spoiling, but rather supports healthy emotional development.