Nursing Elites

1. What is the form in which energy from excess intake of proteins, fats, alcohol, and carbohydrates is stored?

• A. Protein
• B. Fat
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Alcohol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the body consumes more energy than it needs, the surplus is stored as fat, regardless of whether the energy source was proteins, fats, alcohol, or carbohydrates. This is why the correct answer is 'Fat'. Other choices are incorrect because, in excess intake situations, the body does not store surplus energy as proteins, carbohydrates, or alcohol.

2. Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the:

• A. conscience
• B. ego
• C. id
• D. super ego

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Being in contact with reality and the environment is a function of the ego. The ego is responsible for mediating between the id's basic desires, the superego's idealistic standards, and the real world. The conscience (not listed as a choice) is related to feelings of guilt or moral responsibility. The id represents primal instincts, and the superego represents the internalized ideals and moral standards.

3. A client who practices Islam and is currently observing dietary restrictions for the month of Ramadan. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Remove pork products from the dietary plan
• B. Facilitate fasting during daylight hours
• C. Serve meat and dairy items together
• D. Provide a low-carb diet on Fridays

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During Ramadan, individuals fast from dawn to sunset. Facilitating fasting during daylight hours respects the dietary practices of clients observing Ramadan. Choice A is incorrect as the dietary restriction during Ramadan involves abstaining from all food and drink during daylight hours, not just beef products. Choice C is incorrect as Muslims generally do not consume meat and dairy together due to religious dietary laws. Choice D is incorrect as providing a low-carb diet on Fridays does not specifically align with the dietary restrictions observed during Ramadan.

4. Which test is used to monitor the degree of blood glucose control over a long period?

• A. Glucose tolerance test
• B. Glycated hemoglobin level
• C. Self-monitoring of blood glucose
• D. 24-hour urinary glucose excretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, glycated hemoglobin level. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, providing a long-term picture of glucose control. Choice A, the glucose tolerance test, measures how well your body processes glucose but is not specifically for long-term monitoring. Choice C, self-monitoring of blood glucose, involves daily testing by individuals, providing immediate rather than long-term information. Choice D, 24-hour urinary glucose excretion, measures the amount of glucose excreted in the urine over 24 hours and is not typically used for long-term monitoring of blood glucose control.

5. You are taking care of critically ill client and the doctor in charge calls to order a DNR (do not resuscitate) for the client. Which of the following is the appropriate action when getting DNR order over the phone?

• A. Have the registered nurse, family spokesperson, nurse supervisor and doctor sign
• B. Have 2 nurse validate the phone order, both nurses sign the order and the doctor should sign his order within 24
• C. Have the registered nurse, family and doctor sign the order
• D. Have 1 nurse take the order and sign it and have the doctor sign it within 24 hours

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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