Nursing Elites

1. What is the form in which energy from excess intake of proteins, fats, alcohol, and carbohydrates is stored?

• A. Protein
• B. Fat
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Alcohol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the body consumes more energy than it needs, the surplus is stored as fat, regardless of whether the energy source was proteins, fats, alcohol, or carbohydrates. This is why the correct answer is 'Fat'. Other choices are incorrect because, in excess intake situations, the body does not store surplus energy as proteins, carbohydrates, or alcohol.

2. How is the equalization of solute concentration of intracellular fluids (ICFs) and extracellular fluids (ECFs accomplished?

• A. Semipermeable membranes.
• B. Hydration.
• C. Osmotic pressure.
• D. Perspiration.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure within the body equalizes the solute concentration of ICFs and ECFs by shifting small amounts of water in the direction of higher concentration solute. Semipermeable membranes separate one fluid compartment from another and do not directly equalize solute concentrations. Hydration and perspiration are important elements of fluid balance but do not directly achieve the equalization of solute concentrations between ICFs and ECFs, which is primarily regulated by osmotic pressure.

3. What does a QRS Complex represent in an ECG reading?

• A. Atrial depolarization
• B. Ventricular repolarization
• C. Ventricular depolarization
• D. End of ventricular depolarization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The QRS Complex in an ECG reading represents ventricular depolarization, which is the process of the heart's ventricles preparing to contract by changing the electrical charge in the cell, hence choice 'C' is the correct answer. Choice 'A' is incorrect because atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave in an ECG reading, not the QRS Complex. Choice 'B' is incorrect as ventricular repolarization is depicted by the T wave, not the QRS Complex. Finally, choice 'D' is also incorrect because the QRS Complex is not the end of ventricular depolarization, but the process itself.

4. Why is a pulse oximeter attached to Mr. Dizon's finger?

• A. To determine if the patient's hemoglobin level is low and if he requires a blood transfusion
• B. To check the level of the patient's tissue perfusion
• C. To measure the effectiveness of the patient's anti-hypertensive medications
• D. To detect oxygen saturation of arterial blood before symptoms of hypoxemia develop

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A pulse oximeter is used to detect the oxygen saturation levels in arterial blood before the onset of hypoxemia symptoms. This device provides essential information about the effectiveness of oxygen transportation to the body's tissues. Choice A is incorrect because a pulse oximeter does not directly measure hemoglobin levels nor determine the need for a blood transfusion. Choice B is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is designed specifically to assess oxygen saturation, not tissue perfusion. Choice C is incorrect because a pulse oximeter is not used to measure the efficacy of anti-hypertensive medications, but rather to monitor oxygen levels in the blood.

5. Which of the following is a form of primary prevention?

• A. Regular Check-ups
• B. Regular Screening
• C. Self-Medication
• D. Immunization

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Immunization.' Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs by preventing exposure to risk factors. Immunization is a classic example of primary prevention as it helps prevent the development of infectious diseases. Choice A, 'Regular Check-ups,' is more related to secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Choice B, 'Regular Screening,' is also more aligned with secondary prevention as it involves early detection of diseases. Choice C, 'Self-Medication,' is not a form of primary prevention but rather a risky practice that can lead to adverse outcomes.

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