Nursing Elites

1. Define resilience and explain its significance in mental health.

• A. Resilience refers to the ability to avoid all mental health issues despite severe stress.
• B. Resilience is the ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances.
• C. Resilience is the tendency to be unaffected by any form of stress or adversity.
• D. Resilience is the ability to avoid stress by avoiding challenges.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct definition of resilience is the ability to adapt successfully to difficult circumstances, not avoiding stress entirely. Resilience is significant in mental health as it helps individuals overcome adversity rather than avoiding it. Choice A is incorrect as resilience doesn't mean avoiding all mental health issues but rather dealing with stress effectively. Choice C is incorrect as resilience involves facing and overcoming stress, not being unaffected by it. Choice D is incorrect as resilience involves facing challenges and stress, not avoiding them altogether.

2. The humanistic perspective focuses primarily upon the capacity of the individual to ________.

• A. confront the dilemma of our deaths.
• B. be driven by unconscious motives.
• C. rationally explain our behavior.
• D. engage in positive self-growth.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The humanistic perspective, as highlighted by proponents like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes the inherent drive of individuals to achieve self-actualization and positive self-growth. It focuses on the individual's potential for growth, self-improvement, and fulfilling their highest capabilities. Choice A is incorrect as the humanistic perspective is more concerned with personal growth than with addressing the fear of death. Choice B is associated with the psychodynamic perspective, which focuses on unconscious motives. Choice C is related to cognitive-behavioral approaches that emphasize the rational understanding of behavior.

3. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the ________ stage.

• A. genital
• B. oral
• C. phallic
• D. latency

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5, including the Oedipal period, is the phallic stage. During this stage, children experience the Oedipus or Electra complex, where they develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent and see the same-sex parent as a rival. The genital stage (Choice A) is the final stage where mature sexual interests emerge, oral (Choice B) and anal stages precede the phallic stage, and latency (Choice D) is a stage following the phallic stage characterized by a focus on developing social and cognitive skills.

4. Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that ________.

• A. These different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures.
• B. Parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems; they seem to be primarily genetic.
• C. Parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems; they seem to be independent of culture.
• D. All cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of the type of behavior problem.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures. This is because cultural norms and expectations influence how parental tolerance and responses to behavior are shaped. Choice B is incorrect because parental styles do play a role in behavior problems, influenced by cultural factors. Choice C is incorrect as parental styles can vary across cultures and impact behavior problems differently. Choice D is incorrect because cultural attitudes towards seeking treatment for behavior problems can vary significantly.

5. The four parenting styles described in the text differ along two dimensions: warmth and control. The style associated with the most positive developmental outcome is best described as ________ in warmth and ________ in control.

• A. high; low
• B. low; low
• C. high; moderately high
• D. low; moderately high

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'high in warmth and moderately high in control.' The authoritative parenting style, associated with the most positive developmental outcomes, is characterized by high levels of warmth and support coupled with moderately high levels of control. This balance allows children to develop independence while feeling secure and valued. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the authoritative style is not characterized by low warmth or low control, but rather high warmth and moderate control.

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