Nursing Elites

1. What role do genetic predispositions play in the development of mental disorders?

• A. Genetic predispositions solely determine the development of mental disorders.
• B. Genetic predispositions play a role but are not solely responsible for the development of mental disorders.
• C. Genetic predispositions have no influence on mental disorders.
• D. Genetic predispositions guarantee the development of mental disorders.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Genetic predispositions are indeed a factor in the development of mental disorders, but they are not the sole determining factor. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain conditions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and life experiences also play a significant role. Choice A is incorrect because mental disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predispositions do have an impact on mental health. Choice D is incorrect as genetic predispositions do not guarantee the development of mental disorders, as other factors also contribute to their onset.

2. Which part of the superego develops from our experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do?

• A. Conscience
• B. Ego-ideal
• C. Regressing back to the anal stage
• D. Regressing back to the oral stage

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Ego-ideal. The Ego-ideal is a subsystem of the superego that develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior. It guides individuals on what they should do, setting standards and ideals for behavior. Choice A, Conscience, represents the part of the superego that focuses on what one should not do, based on experiences with punishment for improper behavior. Choices C and D, regressing back to the anal and oral stages respectively, are irrelevant to the development of the superego's components and are not related to experiences with rewards for proper behavior.

3. Rita shows better control over her eating habits at 2.5 years than her brother Richard did at the same age. Why?

• A. Girls are naturally smarter than boys.
• B. Second-born children learn faster.
• C. Girls have better fine motor skills.
• D. Boys have better gross motor skills.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because boys typically develop gross motor skills, like running and jumping, more quickly than girls. This can explain why Richard may have had less control over his eating habits compared to Rita at the same age. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the specific developmental aspect related to eating habits control mentioned in the question.

4. Which therapy style requires the therapist to actively confront a client's irrational beliefs?

• A. Person-centered therapy
• B. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
• C. Electroconvulsive therapy
• D. REBT

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy). REBT involves actively confronting and changing irrational beliefs. Choice A, Person-centered therapy, is focused on providing a supportive and empathetic environment rather than confronting irrational beliefs. Choice B, Psychodynamic psychotherapy, emphasizes exploring unconscious processes and early life experiences rather than direct confrontation of irrational beliefs. Choice C, Electroconvulsive therapy, is a biological treatment for severe depression and other mental illnesses, not a therapy style that involves confronting irrational beliefs.

5. Distinguish between authoritative and authoritarian parenting.

• A. Authoritative parents are controlling and less communicative.
• B. Authoritarian parents are warm and communicative but set firm limits.
• C. Authoritative parents are less controlling and more communicative.
• D. Authoritarian parents are neither warm nor communicative, often leading to moody, irritable children.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Authoritative parents are warm and communicative while also setting firm limits, creating a balanced and nurturing environment. Authoritarian parents, on the other hand, are controlling, less communicative, and tend to set strict rules without much room for discussion. This approach may lead to children becoming irritable and moody due to the lack of warmth and excessive control. Choices A and C incorrectly mix up the characteristics of authoritative and authoritarian parenting. Choice D, although mentioning irritable children, does not accurately capture the key differences between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles.

Similar Questions