Nursing Elites

1. Do chromosomes get longer as a cell ages?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chromosomes do not get longer as a cell ages. In fact, chromosomes condense and become more compact during cell division to ensure proper segregation. Choice A is incorrect because chromosomes do not elongate with age. Choice C is not the correct answer as there is scientific evidence to support that chromosomes do not lengthen over time. Choice D is not the right option as the correct answer is 'False' in this case.

2. Which of the following are vital signs?

• A. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate
• B. Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level
• C. Body weight, age, gender
• D. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Vital signs are measurements that indicate the body's basic functions and are essential indicators of health. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate are classic vital signs routinely checked in medical settings to assess a person's overall health status. Choices B, C, and D are not considered vital signs. The appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, and oxygen level may provide valuable health information but are not classified as vital signs. Similarly, body weight, age, and gender are important factors in healthcare but are not vital signs. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness relate to sensory functions and are not typically categorized as vital signs.

3. The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____.

• A. observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
• B. conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations
• C. studying molecules; observing forms of the body parts
• D. sketching; dissecting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An anatomist focuses on observing the structure and morphology of body parts, such as organs, tissues, and cells, to understand their organization. On the other hand, a physiologist is more concerned with studying the functions and processes of these body parts, including how they work individually and together to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, the correct answer is 'observing body parts; studying functions of body parts.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the primary activities of anatomists and physiologists.

4. Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands?

• A. Pineal
• B. Thymus
• C. Parathyroid
• D. Pituitary

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Testosterone production is regulated by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This hormone is not regulated by the Pineal, Thymus, or Parathyroid glands. The Pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, the Thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood.

5. Which of the following types of cells is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms?

• A. Basophils
• B. Eosinophils
• C. B-cells
• D. Macrophages

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and digesting cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and old or damaged cells. Basophils are primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, eosinophils combat multicellular parasites and have a role in allergic reactions, and B-cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Therefore, the correct answer is macrophages as they are specialized in phagocytosis and removal of unwanted cells and microorganisms.

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