Nursing Elites

1. Basic emotions __________.

• A. appear in the middle of the second year
• B. are universal in humans
• C. are found only among humans
• D. involve injury to our sense of self

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Basic emotions like happiness, sadness, and anger are universal across humans, meaning they are experienced by people worldwide regardless of cultural differences. These emotions are not limited to a specific group of individuals or exclusive to humans; they are observed in various species. Choice A is incorrect because basic emotions actually appear early in life, not specifically in the middle of the second year. Choice C is incorrect as basic emotions are not exclusive to humans but are observed in other animals as well. Choice D is incorrect because basic emotions do not necessarily involve injury to our sense of self, but rather represent fundamental and instinctual feelings that are part of human nature.

2. Which statement about interventions that support parents and preterm infants is true?

• A. Preterm infants whose parents receive coaching show no gains in mental test performance.
• B. Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged require long-term, intensive intervention.
• C. For economically disadvantaged parents of preterm infants, just a few sessions of coaching are required.
• D. Even for parents with adequate economic and personal resources, long-term, intensive intervention is necessary. Answer: B Page Ref: 100 Skill Level: Understand Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 29 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e interventions. Topic: Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged typically require long-term, intensive intervention. This is because the combination of being born preterm and being economically disadvantaged can pose significant challenges for the infant's development. Providing ongoing support and interventions can help address these challenges and promote healthy development in these infants.

3. __________ is the least-developed of the newborn baby’s senses.

• A. Taste
• B. Sound
• C. Vision
• D. Touch Answer: C Page Ref: 109 Skill Level: Remember Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vision is the least-developed of the newborn baby's senses. Newborns have limited visual acuity and are not able to focus clearly on objects. Over time, their vision will improve as they grow and develop.

4. Breastfeeding for just a few weeks ________.

• A. is a rare practice among American women
• B. leads directly to later obesity
• C. is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation
• D. offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Breastfeeding for even a short period offers infants protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding is not a rare practice among American women. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct link between breastfeeding for a few weeks and later obesity. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding does not cause constipation in infants; in fact, it can help prevent constipation.

5. Which factor disrupts the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism?

• A. Self-regulation
• B. Frequent eating out
• C. Reduced sleep
• D. Using screen media

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reduced sleep is the correct answer as it affects hormones that regulate hunger and metabolism, leading to increased appetite and weight gain. Self-regulation is not directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism. Frequent eating out may impact food choices and portion sizes but is not specifically linked to disrupting the brain's regulation. Using screen media can affect sleep patterns but is not as directly related to the brain's regulation of hunger and metabolism as reduced sleep.

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