Nursing Elites

1. An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)

• A. anatomist.
• B. physiologist.
• C. chemist.
• D. biochemist.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'physiologist.' A physiologist studies how the body functions under normal and abnormal conditions, including how temperature changes can affect physiological processes like heart rate. An anatomist focuses on the structure of organisms rather than their functions, making choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they are more related to the study of chemicals and biochemistry, which are not directly relevant to investigating the effects of temperature on heart rate.

2. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

• A. Growth hormone
• B. Luteinizing hormone
• C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
• D. Antidiuretic hormone

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Antidiuretic hormone. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a key role in regulating the body's water balance by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Growth hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, Luteinizing hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, and Adrenocorticotropic hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

3. Homeostasis is the body's maintenance of a stable internal environment.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves processes that regulate various physiological factors such as temperature, pH, and blood sugar levels within a narrow range. This ensures that the body's cells can function optimally. Therefore, the correct answer is True. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because homeostasis aims to maintain stability, not instability, in the internal environment.

4. Do patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay reflect the health of the people they were a part of?

• A. Yes
• B. No
• C. Not enough information to determine
• D. Not applicable

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patterns of growth in preserved bones and tooth decay can indeed reflect the health of the individuals they belonged to. Growth patterns can indicate malnutrition or diseases during childhood, while tooth decay can signify dietary habits and overall health. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Yes.' 'No' is incorrect because these factors can provide valuable information about the health of individuals. 'Not enough information to determine' is incorrect as these indicators are commonly used in anthropological and archaeological studies to understand health conditions in past populations. 'Not applicable' is also incorrect as the information from bones and tooth decay is relevant to assessing the health of individuals.

5. Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow affects which of the following muscles?

• A. biceps brachii
• B. triceps brachii
• C. brachialis
• D. brachioradialis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lowering the hand by straightening the elbow is the action of extending the forearm, which is primarily done by the triceps brachii muscle. The triceps brachii is the main extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the elbow, not extending it, making it an incorrect choice. Brachialis is a strong elbow flexor, and brachioradialis helps in flexing the elbow and pronating the forearm, so they are not the primary muscles involved in straightening the elbow.

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