Nursing Elites

1. An anxious 12-year-old child receives an injection from the nurse and sighs with relief when it is done. After a moment of reflection, the girl asks the nurse, 'Is it hard to give someone an injection?' This child’s question is evidence that the child has developed which cognitive skill?

• A. Conservation
• B. Accommodation
• C. Decentering
• D. Class inclusion

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decentering. Decentering is the ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation, which the child's question demonstrates. In this scenario, the child's question shows that she is thinking beyond her own experience and considering the difficulty or complexity of giving an injection from the nurse's perspective. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Conservation refers to understanding that certain properties of an object remain the same despite changes in its appearance. Accommodation is the process of adjusting existing knowledge or creating new mental categories to incorporate new information. Class inclusion involves understanding the relationship between a whole set and its subsets, which is not demonstrated in the child's question.

2. At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say mama and dada with meaning?

• A. 4 months
• B. 6 months
• C. 10 months
• D. 14 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By around 10 months, infants often start to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning, associating these words with their parents.

3. What is a common cause of acquired aplastic anemia in children?

• A. Deficient diet
• B. Ingestion of drugs such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics
• C. Congenital defects
• D. Injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Acquired aplastic anemia in children is often caused by exposure to certain drugs, such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics, which can lead to bone marrow failure and a decrease in all types of blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because aplastic anemia is not commonly caused by deficient diet, congenital defects, or injury in children.

4. A nurse is working with the local community on promoting physical fitness for children. The nurse encourages the community to develop programs that meet the needs of the school-aged child for physical activity, based on the understanding that this age group requires how much physical activity daily?

• A. 30 minutes
• B. 60 minutes
• C. 90 minutes
• D. 15 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 60 minutes. School-aged children require at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily according to recommendations. This level of activity helps in promoting overall health, development, and well-being. Choice A (30 minutes) is incorrect as it falls short of the recommended duration. Choice C (90 minutes) is excessive and not the standard guideline for this age group. Choice D (15 minutes) is insufficient to meet the physical activity needs of school-aged children.

5. The LPN is assessing for fontanels on the head of a 6-month-old. Which fontanel is expected to still be present?

• A. Posterior
• B. Anterior
• C. Sphenoid
• D. Lambdoid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anterior. The anterior fontanel usually remains open until about 12-18 months of age, while the posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months of age, and the sphenoid and lambdoid fontanels are not typically assessed in routine infant head examinations.

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