Nursing Elites

1. When assessing a family, the nurse determines that the parents exert little or no control over their children. This style of parenting is called which?

• A. Permissive
• B. Dictatorial
• C. Democratic
• D. Authoritarian

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Permissive parenting is characterized by parents exerting little or no control over their children, leading to a lack of boundaries and structure.

2. What is the first step in managing a child with anaphylaxis?

• A. Administer antihistamines
• B. Establish IV access
• C. Administer epinephrine
• D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer epinephrine. Administering epinephrine is the crucial first step in managing anaphylaxis as it helps reverse the severe allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels and relaxing airway muscles, preventing a life-threatening situation. Antihistamines (Choice A) are not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and should not delay the administration of epinephrine. Establishing IV access (Choice B) may be necessary but is not the initial step in managing anaphylaxis. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is important but should not take precedence over administering epinephrine in the acute management of anaphylaxis.

3. Which immunization is recommended for all newborns?

• A. Hepatitis A vaccine
• B. Hepatitis B vaccine
• C. Hepatitis C vaccine
• D. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial part of the routine immunization schedule for infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the recommended vaccine for newborns is specifically Hepatitis B, not Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, or a combination of Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines.

4. The nurse is taking a sexual history on an adolescent girl. Which is the best way to determine whether she is sexually active?

• A. Ask her, "Are you sexually active?"
• B. Ask her, "Are you having sex with anyone?"
• C. Ask her, "Are you having sex with a boyfriend?"
• D. Ask both the girl and her parent if she is sexually active

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Directly asking the adolescent if she is sexually active is the most straightforward and respectful approach, ensuring privacy and fostering trust.

5. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?

• A. Renal function is not fully developed
• B. Flexed posture favors heat loss
• C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment
• D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Newborns have a large surface area relative to their body weight, making them more susceptible to heat loss and requiring careful thermoregulation. Choice A is incorrect because renal function is not directly related to thermoregulation. Choice B is incorrect because a flexed posture actually helps reduce heat loss by minimizing the surface area exposed to the environment. Choice D is incorrect because neonates have limited subcutaneous fat, which contributes to their susceptibility to heat loss.

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