Nursing Elites

1. When assessing a family, the nurse determines that the parents exert little or no control over their children. This style of parenting is called which?

• A. Permissive
• B. Dictatorial
• C. Democratic
• D. Authoritarian

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Permissive parenting is characterized by parents exerting little or no control over their children, leading to a lack of boundaries and structure.

2. What is an important consideration in understanding the reactions of parents when their infant is born with physical defects?

• A. Grief lasts until the defects are repaired.
• B. Denial is a common adaptive reaction.
• C. The psychologic reaction is similar to that with the death of an infant.
• D. Reactions of health professionals to the birth of an infant can affect parents’ reactions.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a parent's infant is born with physical defects, understanding the psychological reactions is crucial. The reaction is often similar to the grief experienced when facing the death of a child. Parents need to grieve for the loss of the expected child and adapt to the needs of a child with physical defects. The grief process typically involves stages like shock, frustration, and anger, which can last for years. Denial during the shock phase is not maladaptive but can help parents cope initially. Additionally, parents are sensitive to the behavior of health professionals, whose interactions can significantly influence the parents' reactions to the infant. Therefore, recognizing the similarity of the psychological reaction to grief is an important consideration in understanding how parents cope with their infant's physical defects.

3. At what stage can infants raise their heads and gain control of their trunks before walking due to which directional pattern of development?

• A. Cephalocaudal
• B. Anterior to posterior
• C. Proximodistal
• D. Normal growth curve charts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cephalocaudal. The cephalocaudal pattern of development means that growth and motor control proceed from the head downward through the body. This explains why infants can raise their heads before they can sit and gain control of their trunks before walking. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Anterior to posterior refers to development from the front to the back, while proximodistal refers to development from the center of the body outward. Normal growth curve charts are used to track physical growth over time and are not directly related to the directional pattern of development in infants.

4. A child with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary healthcare provider has placed the child on bed rest. Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care?

• A. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes.
• B. Reposition the child every two hours.
• C. Limit visitors.
• D. Encourage fluids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Repositioning the child every two hours is essential to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation, especially when the child is on bed rest and experiencing severe edema. Monitoring blood pressure is important but does not need to be done every 30 minutes unless indicated. Limiting visitors and encouraging fluids are not directly related to managing edema and preventing complications from immobility. Therefore, choice B is the most appropriate nursing intervention in this scenario.

5. A mother reports to the nurse that her 6-year-old child is highly active, irritable, irregular in habits, and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. Which pattern of temperament would best describe the child?

• A. The 'easy' child
• B. The 'difficult' child
• C. The 'slow-to-warm-up' child
• D. The 'fast-to-warm-up' child

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The 'difficult' child is the best way to describe the child in this scenario. This temperament is characterized by high activity levels, irritability, irregular habits, and difficulty adapting to changes. Choice A, the 'easy' child, is known for being generally positive and adaptable. Choice C, the 'slow-to-warm-up' child, typically needs time to adapt to new situations but is not necessarily highly active or irritable. Choice D, the 'fast-to-warm-up' child, adapts quickly to new situations, which contrasts with the child's slow adaptation mentioned in the scenario.

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