Nursing Elites

1. Aling Maria is nearing menopause. She is habitually taking cola and coffee for the past 20 years. You should tell Aling Maria to avoid taking caffeinated beverages because:

• A. It is stimulating
• B. It will cause nervousness and insomnia
• C. It will contribute to additional bone demineralization
• D. It will cause tachycardia and arrhythmias

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause bleeding disorders?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin E
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it plays a crucial role in the activation of clotting factors. Deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to impaired blood clotting, resulting in bleeding disorders. Vitamin A is more associated with vision and skin health, not blood clotting. Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant properties and role in immune function, not specifically related to bleeding disorders. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium absorption and bone health, but it is not directly linked to blood clotting or bleeding disorders.

3. Which nutrient is most important for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects?

• A. Iron
• B. Folate
• C. Calcium
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Folate (or folic acid) is crucial for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy.

4. What term is used to refer to the beliefs, ideals, and values that direct an organization and give it a sense of purpose?

• A. Philosophy
• B. Mission
• C. Vision
• D. Goals and Objectives

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct term for the beliefs, ideals, and values that direct an organization and provide it with a sense of purpose is 'Vision'. A Vision statement outlines the organization's aspirations and goals for the future. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect in this context. 'Philosophy' refers to a system of beliefs or principles, 'Mission' relates to the organization's purpose and primary objectives, and 'Goals and Objectives' are the specific targets set to accomplish the Vision.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to a group of parents of newborns who are planning to formula feed. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. "I will give formula to my baby at room temperature."
• B. "I will ensure my baby's feeds last 10 to 15 minutes."
• C. "I will burp my baby halfway through each feeding."
• D. "I will watch for signs my baby is full and stop the feeding."

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is, "I will ensure my baby's feeds last 10 to 15 minutes." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because it suggests a strict time limit for feedings, which may not be appropriate for a newborn. Newborns should be allowed to feed as long as they want, typically around 20-30 minutes per breast if breastfeeding, or on-demand with formula. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate proper feeding practices such as feeding at room temperature, burping halfway through each feeding, and watching for signs of fullness to stop the feeding, which are all appropriate responses by a parent of a formula-fed newborn.

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