Nursing Elites

1. Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________, which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form.

• A. fast-mapping
• B. an expansion
• C. overregularization
• D. a recast

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'a recast.' A recast occurs when an adult rephrases a child's incorrect speech into the accurate form, aiding in the learning of proper grammar. Choice A, 'fast-mapping,' refers to the ability to learn new words quickly; choice B, 'an expansion,' typically involves adding more information to a child's speech; choice C, 'overregularization,' is an error children make when they apply grammatical rules too broadly.

2. What is strongly associated with healthy eating in teenagers?

• A. Vitamin supplementation
• B. Number of hours of sleep
• C. Dieting in adolescence
• D. Frequency of family meals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The frequency of family meals is strongly associated with healthy eating in teenagers. Research indicates that regular family meals provide structure, promote positive eating behaviors, and offer opportunities for modeling healthy food choices. Vitamin supplementation (Choice A) may be beneficial but is not as strongly linked to healthy eating habits as family meal frequency. The number of hours of sleep (Choice B) is important for overall health but is not as directly associated with healthy eating behaviors in teenagers. Dieting in adolescence (Choice C) can sometimes lead to unhealthy eating patterns and is not necessarily linked to consistently healthy food choices.

3. Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans _______ than students of native-born parents.

• A. are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts
• B. are more likely to be obese
• C. often achieve in school as well as or better
• D. tend to report lower self-esteem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to the information provided in the text box 'CULTURAL INFLUENCES: Immigrant Youths: Adapting to a New Land' on page 32, students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans often achieve in school as well as or better than students of native-born parents. This implies that they excel academically despite facing challenges related to cultural adaptation and assimilation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the provided information specifically highlights the academic achievement of foreign-born or first-generation American students compared to students of native-born parents, not their likelihood of committing delinquent acts, obesity rates, or self-esteem levels.

4. __________ children are at risk for poor school performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence and criminality in adulthood.

• A. Average
• B. Controversial
• C. Rejected
• D. Popular

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rejected children often face social difficulties that lead to negative outcomes later in life, including academic and behavioral problems. The term 'rejected' specifically refers to children who are socially excluded or shunned by their peers, leading to the mentioned negative consequences. 'Average,' 'Controversial,' and 'Popular' do not convey the same meaning and are not related to the risks mentioned in the question.

5. The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

• A. observational; experimental
• B. correlational; experimental
• C. observational; correlational
• D. variable; observational Answer: B Page Ref: 31 Skill Level: Remember and limitations of each. Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are correlational and experimental. Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables without establishing causation, while experimental research involves manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable. These two types of designs are fundamental in understanding and studying human behavior.

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