Nursing Elites

1. When using an open irrigation technique to irrigate a client's indwelling urinary catheter, which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Position the client in a side-lying position.
• B. Perform the irrigation using a 20-mL syringe.
• C. Instill 15 mL of irrigation fluid into the catheter with each flush.
• D. Measure and record the amount of irrigant used.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When irrigating an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse should use a 20-mL syringe for the procedure. This syringe size helps to provide adequate pressure for effective irrigation. Placing the client in a side-lying position is not necessary for this procedure. Instilling a specific amount of irrigation fluid into the catheter is not mentioned in the scenario. Subtracting the amount of irrigant used from the client's urine output is not a standard practice in catheter irrigation.

2. A registered nurse (RN) administered a patient�s morning insulin as the breakfast tray arrived at 0800. The RN performed a complete assessment at the same time. Then, the RN got busy with her other patients and did not check on the patient until 1400. At that time, she found the patient unresponsive with a blood glucose of 23. Both the breakfast and lunch tray were at the bedside untouched. Which of the following could the RN be charged with?

• A. Quasi-intentional tort
• B. Misdemeanor
• C. Negligence
• D. Juvenile offense

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The RN could be charged with negligence.

3. Change is a mandatory skill for managers. Successful change agents display certain characteristics. Some of these characteristics are: (Select all that apply.)

• A. Energy
• B. Confidence
• C. Ambiguity
• D. Trustworthiness

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: Ambiguity.' The rationale behind this is that the provided list of characteristics that successful change agents demonstrate includes 'realistic thinking' as one of the traits, not 'ambiguity.' Therefore, 'A: Energy,' 'B: Confidence,' and 'D: Trustworthiness' are not among the characteristics mentioned in the extract.

4. Which of the following presents an important emerging challenge to changes in health care?

• A. Decreased immigration
• B. Nursing staff shortages
• C. Bioterrorism
• D. Increased surgical procedures

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Bioterrorism is considered an important emerging challenge to changes in health care due to its potential to disrupt healthcare systems, cause mass casualties, and create public health emergencies. Choices A, B, and D are not directly related to emerging challenges in health care. While nursing staff shortages are a significant issue, bioterrorism poses a different kind of threat that requires specific preparedness and response strategies.

5. Behavioral leadership theory recognizes three styles of leadership. Which of the following best describes democratic leadership?

• A. The democratic leader communicates meaning and purpose.
• B. The democratic leader gives orders and makes decisions for the group.
• C. The democratic leader does little planning or decision making.
• D. The democratic leader makes plans and decisions with the team.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Democratic leadership involves the leader working collaboratively with the team to make plans and decisions. This style values input from team members, encourages participation in the decision-making process, and fosters a sense of ownership among the team. Choice A is incorrect because simply communicating meaning and purpose does not capture the essence of democratic leadership. Choice B is incorrect as giving orders and making decisions for the group is more characteristic of an autocratic leadership style. Choice C is incorrect as democratic leaders are actively involved in planning and decision-making processes, contrary to doing little of it.

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