Nursing Elites

1. The type of theory that discusses how motivation works to direct a person's efforts is:

• A. Reinforcement.
• B. Operant.
• C. Conditioning.
• D. Process.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Process. Process theory focuses on how motivation directs an individual's efforts into performance. Reinforcement theory, on the other hand, views motivation as a form of learning. It involves operant conditioning, where behavior is associated with consequences. Conditioning is a broad term that includes both classical and operant conditioning, but it does not specifically address how motivation directs efforts. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of discussing how motivation works to direct a person's efforts.

2. Which of the following is the correct definition of 'chain of command'?

• A. The hierarchy of authority and responsibility
• B. Relationship without authority
• C. Activity directed through linear authority
• D. The tendency for people to perform as expected

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct definition of 'chain of command' is the hierarchy of authority and responsibility. This term refers to the order in which authority and power in an organization are wielded and delegated from top management to every employee at every level. Choice B, 'Relationship without authority,' is incorrect because the chain of command specifically involves authority and responsibility. Choice C, 'Activity directed through linear authority,' is not a precise definition of the chain of command, as it does not encompass the full scope of authority and hierarchy. Choice D, 'The tendency for people to perform as expected,' is unrelated to the concept of the chain of command.

3. A nurse has a seriously ill parent and must take care of the parent at home. Which of the following would NOT be a suitable solution to this problem? (EXCEPT)

• A. Resignation
• B. FMLA
• C. Termination
• D. LOA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to care for a seriously ill family member, securing the employee's job status. Termination and resignation involve ending employment, which is not a suitable solution as it does not provide job security. LOA (Leave of Absence) is often unpaid and does not guarantee job protection, making it less suitable than FMLA in this scenario.

4. What is the primary purpose of a patient-centered medical home (PCMH)?

• A. To coordinate all aspects of patient care
• B. To reduce healthcare costs
• C. To implement the latest clinical guidelines
• D. To provide financial incentives for providers

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To coordinate all aspects of patient care.' A patient-centered medical home (PCMH) aims to provide comprehensive and continuous care by coordinating various aspects of a patient's healthcare needs. While reducing healthcare costs and implementing clinical guidelines are important goals in healthcare, the primary focus of a PCMH is on enhancing patient care coordination to improve outcomes and patient satisfaction. Providing financial incentives for providers is not the primary purpose of a PCMH, although it can be a component of some models to encourage quality care delivery.

5. A nurse is assessing a client who reports increased pain following physical therapy. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask when assessing the quality of the client's pain?

• A. Is your pain constant or intermittent?
• B. What would you rate your pain on a scale of 0 to 10?
• C. Does the pain radiate?
• D. Is your pain sharp or dull?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When assessing the quality of pain, asking if the pain is sharp or dull helps the nurse understand the nature of the pain. Sharp pain is often associated with acute conditions like nerve irritation or injury, while dull pain may indicate a more chronic issue like inflammation or tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C focus on different aspects of pain assessment but do not specifically address the quality of pain, making them less relevant in this context.

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