Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension about a heart healthy diet. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

• A. I will get 15% of my total daily calories from saturated fats.
• B. I will decrease the potassium in my diet.
• C. I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams.
• D. I will eat five 8-ounce servings of fruit daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Limiting daily sodium intake to 3 grams helps manage blood pressure and is a key part of a heart-healthy diet.

2. A nurse is planning care for a client who has ascites secondary to liver disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Reduce complex carbohydrates to 30% of total calories.
• B. Restrict protein intake to less than 0.8 g/kg/day.
• C. Decrease daily caloric intake by 20%.
• D. Limit sodium to 2000 mg or less per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Limiting sodium to 2000 mg or less per day helps manage fluid retention associated with ascites in liver disease.

3. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function.
• B. I will keep my HbA1c at five percent.
• C. I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter.
• D. I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Maintaining an HbA1c level of 5 percent indicates good long-term blood glucose control and understanding of diabetes management.

4. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has vitamin A deficiency. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend the best source of vitamin A?

• A. 1 small baked sweet potato
• B. 1 cup avocado
• C. 1 cup green beans
• D. 1 large apple

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sweet potatoes are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A, essential for vision and immune function.

5. A nurse is reviewing blood glucose values for a client who is at risk for Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

• A. 2 hr glucose tolerance test level 150 mg/dL
• B. Fasting blood glucose 70 mg
• C. Glycosylated hemoglobin 5%
• D. Casual blood glucose 90 mg/dL

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 2-hour glucose tolerance test level of 150 mg/dL is above the normal range and should be reported to the provider as it indicates impaired glucose tolerance.

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