a nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for phenytoin which of the following instructions should the nurse include

ATI RN

ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam

1. When providing teaching to a client with a prescription for Phenytoin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Take this medication at bedtime.
B. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
C. Brush and floss your teeth regularly.
D. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Brush and floss your teeth regularly.' Phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia, a side effect that affects the gums. It is crucial for the client to maintain good oral hygiene to prevent oral health complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While the timing of medication administration and dietary considerations are important, they are not directly related to preventing the specific side effect of gingival hyperplasia caused by Phenytoin.

2. Which of the following conditions is not treated with Ephedrine?

A. COPD
B. Hypotension
C. Congestion
D. Incontinence

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Ephedrine is not typically used to treat COPD. While it can help relieve symptoms like congestion and hypotension, it is not a first-line treatment for COPD. Incontinence is not a condition commonly treated with Ephedrine either.

3. A client has a prescription for ceftriaxone. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. You may develop a cough while taking this medication.
B. You should stop taking this medication if you develop a rash.
C. This medication can be given orally.
D. This medication may cause your urine to turn yellow.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The nurse should instruct the client to discontinue ceftriaxone if a rash develops, as it could indicate an allergic reaction that needs to be reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because cough development, oral administration, and yellow urine are not typically associated with ceftriaxone use and are not critical information that the nurse needs to emphasize in this scenario.

4. A client is receiving treatment with methotrexate. Which of the following supplements should the nurse instruct the client to take?

A. Folic acid
B. Vitamin D
C. Calcium
D. Iron

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to take folic acid when receiving treatment with methotrexate to reduce the risk of methotrexate toxicity. Methotrexate acts as a folic acid antagonist, leading to folic acid deficiency, which can be counteracted by supplementing with folic acid. Vitamin D, calcium, and iron are not specifically recommended to counteract methotrexate effects and do not play a significant role in mitigating methotrexate toxicity.

5. Which of the following is a potassium-sparing diuretic?

A. Furosemide
B. Spironolactone
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Bumetanide

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by antagonizing the aldosterone receptor, leading to potassium retention and sodium excretion. This mechanism makes it a suitable choice for conditions where potassium retention is desired, such as in patients with heart failure or liver cirrhosis. Choices A, C, and D are not potassium-sparing diuretics. Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and bumetanide are loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics, respectively, which promote the excretion of potassium.