Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new prescription for Losartan. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• B. I will take the medication with a full glass of milk.
• C. I should monitor my blood pressure weekly.
• D. I will take the medication every other day.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'I should monitor my blood pressure weekly.' Monitoring blood pressure regularly is crucial for clients taking Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, to ensure effective management of hypertension. This medication works to dilate blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, so monitoring is essential to assess its effectiveness. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods can be harmful due to the potassium-sparing effect of Losartan, taking the medication with milk is not recommended, and adherence to the prescribed daily dosing schedule is necessary for optimal therapeutic outcomes.

2. When administering an Antiulcer Agent, you should be more cautious when administering it to:

• A. A healthy 27-year-old patient
• B. Patient with renal failure
• C. Elderly patients
• D. Choices B & C

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When administering an antiulcer agent, caution is warranted in patients with renal failure due to the potential impact on drug metabolism and excretion. Additionally, elderly patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects from antiulcer agents due to age-related physiological changes. Therefore, it is important to be more cautious when administering antiulcer agents to patients with renal failure and elderly patients. Choice A, a healthy 27-year-old patient, would typically not require as much caution compared to patients with renal failure or elderly patients when administering antiulcer agents. Therefore, choices B & C are the correct options for increased caution.

3. What is the therapeutic class of Valproate?

• A. Anticoagulant
• B. Antianxiety, benzodiazepines
• C. Anticonvulsant, vascular headache suppressant
• D. Mood stabilizer

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Valproate belongs to the therapeutic class of anticonvulsants. It is primarily used to manage seizures but is also effective in treating vascular headaches. Therefore, it is not classified as an anticoagulant, antianxiety medication, or mood stabilizer. Option A, anticoagulant, is incorrect as valproate does not have anticoagulant properties. Option B, antianxiety benzodiazepines, is incorrect as valproate is not primarily used to treat anxiety disorders with benzodiazepines. Option D, mood stabilizer, is incorrect as valproate is not classified as a mood stabilizer, although it can be used in some cases for mood disorders, its primary therapeutic class is anticonvulsant.

4. A client has a new prescription for Enalapril. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?

• A. Dry cough
• B. Weight gain
• C. Diarrhea
• D. Nausea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, commonly causes a persistent dry cough as an adverse effect. The nurse should closely monitor the client for this and instruct them to report it to the healthcare provider if it occurs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as weight gain, diarrhea, and nausea are not commonly associated adverse effects of Enalapril.

5. When a client reports urticaria and dyspnea after receiving amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, which medication should be administered first?

• A. Administer epinephrine
• B. Administer albuterol
• C. Administer diphenhydramine
• D. Administer prednisone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario described, the client is experiencing symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. The priority intervention is to administer epinephrine. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the effects of the allergic reaction and can be life-saving in cases of anaphylaxis. Albuterol is used for bronchodilation and may help with respiratory symptoms but is not the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Diphenhydramine and prednisone are used for allergic reactions but are not as rapid-acting as epinephrine and should be considered after administering epinephrine in this situation.

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