Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has acute pancreatitis and has a prescription for fat-soluble vitamin supplements. The nurse should instruct the client to take a supplement for which of the following?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B1
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In acute pancreatitis, malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins can occur due to pancreatic enzyme insufficiency. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that may need supplementation in this case. Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin C, and Vitamin B12 are water-soluble vitamins and are not typically affected by pancreatic enzyme insufficiency in acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the correct supplement for the client with acute pancreatitis is Vitamin A.

2. A nurse is instructing a group of clients regarding calcium-rich foods. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as the best source of calcium?

• A. 1?2 cup ice cream
• B. 1 ounce Swiss cheese
• C. 1 cup milk
• D. 1 cup cottage cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cottage cheese is the best source of calcium among the options provided. It is rich in calcium and provides a significant amount per serving. 1 cup of cottage cheese contains more calcium compared to 1?2 cup of ice cream, 1 ounce of Swiss cheese, or 1 cup of milk. Ice cream is not a significant source of calcium and is often high in sugar and fat. Swiss cheese and milk contain calcium, but cottage cheese has a higher calcium content per serving, making it the best choice for meeting calcium needs.

3. The RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than for men or postmenopausal women because of the blood loss during menstruation.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 18 mg of iron per day for women 19 to 50 years old, 8 mg/day for women 51 years old and older, and men 19 years old and older. During menstruation, women lose blood containing iron, leading to a higher iron requirement in premenopausal women compared to men or postmenopausal women. This increased demand aims to replenish the iron lost during this physiological process. Therefore, the statement and reason are directly linked, explaining why the RDA for iron is higher in premenopausal women than in men or postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.

4. How many calories does one pound of fat equal?

• A. 1500 calories
• B. 2500 calories
• C. 3500 calories
• D. 5000 calories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One pound of body fat is equivalent to approximately 3500 calories. This is a generally accepted caloric value used in nutrition and weight management. It's important to note that this is an estimation and individual variations may occur. Choice A (1500 calories), Choice B (2500 calories), and Choice D (5000 calories) are incorrect because they do not match the generally accepted caloric value of 3500 calories for one pound of body fat.

5. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) because ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis. Is this statement true or false?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not applicable
• D. Not applicable

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is accurate. Scurvy is indeed caused by a deficiency in ascorbic acid, which is another name for Vitamin C. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation and strength of skin, blood vessels, tissues, and bones. When the body lacks Vitamin C, it cannot produce enough collagen, leading to symptoms associated with scurvy such as bleeding gums and weakened immunity. The choice 'False' is incorrect because it contradicts the proven medical and scientific understanding of the causes of scurvy. Choices 'C' and 'D' are marked as 'Not applicable' because the question only requires a true or false answer.

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