Nursing Elites

1. Digestible carbs are absorbed as ___ through the small intestinal wall and are delivered to the liver, which releases ___ into the bloodstream.

• A. glucose
• B. monosaccharides
• C. galactose
• D. disaccharides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides (simple sugars) like glucose, which the liver can release into the bloodstream for energy.

2. A nurse is teaching a nutrition class for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements should the nurse include about management of acute illness?

• A. Consume carbs every 3-4 hrs
• B. Decrease fluid intake to 1000 mL per day
• C. Monitor blood glucose twice per day
• D. Check urine for ketones every 24 hrs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is to 'Consume carbs every 3-4 hours.' During acute illness, it is important to maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake to help manage blood glucose levels for clients with type 2 diabetes. This frequent consumption can prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy needed during illness. Decreasing fluid intake (choice B) is not recommended during acute illness, as hydration is crucial to prevent complications. Monitoring blood glucose (choice C) more frequently than twice a day is necessary during acute illness. Checking urine for ketones (choice D) should be done more frequently than once every 24 hours during illness to monitor for diabetic ketoacidosis.

3. What is one of the best nutritional actions a caregiver can take to help a patient with Alzheimer's disease maintain appropriate body weight?

• A. Thicken liquids to prevent choking
• B. Supervise food planning and mealtimes
• C. Assist the person in completing a grocery checklist
• D. Feed the person their meals and snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Supervise food planning and mealtimes'. This action ensures the patient with Alzheimer's disease maintains an appropriate diet and body weight, thus reducing the risk of malnutrition. While choices A, 'Thicken liquids to prevent choking', C, 'Assist the person in completing a grocery checklist', and D, 'Feed the person their meals and snacks', might be beneficial in certain circumstances, they do not directly contribute to the maintenance of appropriate body weight as effectively as supervising food planning and mealtimes does.

4. What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?

• A. Dumping syndrome
• B. Gastritis
• C. Gastric outlet obstruction
• D. Hypochlorhydria

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.

5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the lab findings of a client who has Clostridium Difficile. Which of the following findings should indicate to the healthcare professional that the client is experiencing Fluid Volume Deficit?

• A. Hct 53%
• B. Potassium 3.5
• C. Sodium 145
• D. HbA1c 5

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An elevated hematocrit level (Hct 53%) indicates hemoconcentration, a sign of fluid volume deficit. Hct measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood and increases when there is a decrease in plasma volume, as seen in fluid volume deficit. Choices B, C, and D do not directly relate to fluid volume status. Potassium and sodium levels are more indicative of electrolyte imbalances, while HbA1c reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months and is not specific to fluid volume status.

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