Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include to prevent injury?

• A. Perform weight-bearing exercises.
• B. Avoid crossing the legs beyond the midline.
• C. Avoid sitting in one position for prolonged periods.
• D. Splint the affected area.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform weight-bearing exercises. Weight-bearing exercises are crucial for preventing bone density loss in clients with osteoporosis. These exercises help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures. Option B, avoiding crossing the legs beyond the midline, is not directly related to preventing injury in osteoporosis. Option C, avoiding sitting in one position for prolonged periods, is important for preventing pressure ulcers but does not specifically address preventing injury in osteoporosis. Option D, splinting the affected area, is not a standard recommendation for preventing injury in osteoporosis.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Administer 0.9% sodium chloride IV
• B. Administer a hypotonic IV solution
• C. Encourage oral fluid intake
• D. Restrict oral fluid intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a client with a sodium level of 125 mEq/L (hyponatremia), the nurse should administer 0.9% sodium chloride IV to help increase sodium levels. Choice B, administering a hypotonic IV solution, would further decrease the sodium level. Choice C, encouraging oral fluid intake, is contraindicated as it can dilute the sodium concentration further. Choice D, restricting oral fluid intake, could worsen the client's condition by leading to dehydration and further electrolyte imbalances.

3. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has COPD and is receiving oxygen therapy at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. Which of the following findings should the provider report?

• A. Oxygen saturation of 95%.
• B. Productive cough with clear sputum.
• C. Respiratory rate of 22/min.
• D. Client reports dyspnea.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Dyspnea in a client with COPD receiving oxygen should be reported as it may indicate worsening respiratory status. Oxygen saturation of 95% is within the expected range for a client receiving oxygen therapy and does not require immediate reporting. A productive cough with clear sputum is a common symptom in clients with COPD and does not necessarily warrant urgent reporting. A respiratory rate of 22/min is also within normal limits and does not raise immediate concerns in this scenario.

4. A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

• A. Provide reality orientation throughout the day.
• B. Limit the client's choices to prevent decision fatigue.
• C. Encourage the client to participate in group therapy.
• D. Engage the client in sensory stimulation activities.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct intervention the nurse should include in the care plan for a client with Alzheimer's disease is to provide reality orientation throughout the day. Reality orientation involves helping clients with Alzheimer's disease stay connected to the present, reducing confusion and disorientation. This intervention can help the client maintain a sense of time, place, and person. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because limiting choices may lead to frustration, group therapy may not always be suitable for clients with Alzheimer's disease, and sensory stimulation activities may not address the core issue of disorientation in Alzheimer's disease.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Soak your feet in warm water daily.
• B. Wear cotton socks.
• C. Trim your toenails straight across.
• D. Apply lotion to your feet after bathing.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Trim your toenails straight across.' Trimming toenails straight across helps prevent ingrown toenails, which is important for clients with diabetes to prevent infections. Choice A is incorrect because soaking feet in warm water can lead to skin breakdown and infections. Choice B is incorrect as cotton socks can retain moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections. Choice D is also incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of infections.

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