Nursing Elites

1. A patient is being discharged with a vitamin K deficiency. What food should the nurse recommend to the patient to include in their diet?

• A. Oranges
• B. Spinach
• C. Fish
• D. Nuts

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Spinach is an excellent source of vitamin K, which plays a vital role in blood clotting and bone health. Oranges, fish, and nuts do not contain significant amounts of vitamin K, making them less suitable choices to address a vitamin K deficiency. Therefore, the correct recommendation for a patient with a vitamin K deficiency would be to include spinach in their diet to help replenish this essential vitamin.

2. Plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL cholesterol and are often added to which food product?

• A. margarine
• B. milk
• C. cereal
• D. yogurt

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Plant stanols and sterols are commonly added to margarine to help lower LDL cholesterol levels. Margarine acts as a vehicle for these compounds, making it easier for individuals to incorporate them into their daily diet. While milk, cereal, and yogurt are healthy food options, they are not typically enriched with plant stanols and sterols for cholesterol-lowering purposes, making them less likely candidates as the correct answer.

3. What is the fundamental difference between nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems?

• A. Collaborative problems are managed by nurses using physician-prescribed interventions.
• B. Collaborative problems can be addressed by independent nursing interventions.
• C. Physician-prescribed interventions are incorporated into nursing diagnoses.
• D. Nursing diagnoses include physiologic complications that nurses monitor to detect status changes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, as collaborative problems necessitate the collective expertise and skills of numerous healthcare professionals, including nurses. These problems can be dealt with through independent nursing interventions in cooperation with other team members. Option A is incorrect because collaborative problems aren't strictly managed with physician-prescribed interventions. Option C is incorrect because nursing diagnoses aim at identifying and treating actual or potential health issues, rather than merely integrating physician-prescribed interventions. Option D is incorrect because nursing diagnoses aim at identifying patient issues, not solely physiologic complications, and guide the necessary nursing care, not just monitor for changes.

4. A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse advises against drinking?

• A. apple juice
• B. tea
• C. orange juice
• D. coffee

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tea contains oxalates, which can contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones; therefore, patients prone to kidney stones should avoid excessive tea consumption.

5. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a history of atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up teaching on a low-cholesterol diet?

• A. "I flavor my meat with lemon juice."?
• B. "I eat two eggs for breakfast each morning."?
• C. "I cook my food with canola oil."?
• D. "I take an omega-3 supplement daily."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Eggs are high in cholesterol, so someone with elevated cholesterol levels, especially with a history of atherosclerosis, should be cautious about egg consumption. Choices A, C, and D are not as concerning for cholesterol levels. Lemon juice, canola oil, and omega-3 supplements do not significantly impact cholesterol levels compared to consuming eggs regularly.

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