Nursing Elites

1. After auscultating a client's breath sounds, the nurse is providing care. Which finding is correctly matched to the nurse's primary intervention?

• A. Hollow sounds are heard over the trachea. The nurse increases the oxygen flow rate.
• B. Crackles are heard in bases. The nurse encourages the client to cough forcefully.
• C. Wheezes are heard in central areas. The nurse administers an inhaled bronchodilator.
• D. Vesicular sounds are heard over the periphery. The nurse has the client breathe deeply.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Wheezes are indicative of narrowed airways, and bronchodilators help to open the air passages, making option C the correct match. Wheezes are typically heard in the central or peripheral lung areas and are associated with conditions like asthma or COPD. Inhaled bronchodilators work by dilating the bronchioles, which helps alleviate wheezing and improve airflow. Therefore, administering an inhaled bronchodilator is the appropriate intervention in response to wheezes.

2. What question should a nurse ask a client who has an anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter equal to the lateral chest diameter?

• A. Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements?
• B. Do you have any chronic breathing problems?
• C. How often do you perform aerobic exercise?
• D. What is your occupation and what are your hobbies?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A nurse should ask the client if they have any chronic breathing problems when the anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter is the same as the lateral chest diameter. This finding indicates a barrel chest, which can be associated with chronic respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or emphysema. Assessing for chronic breathing problems can help the nurse further evaluate the client's respiratory status and provide appropriate care.

3. When teaching a group of clients about emergency care for a snake bite, which of the following information should the nurse include?

• A. Raise the affected extremity above the level of the heart.
• B. Immobilize the affected extremity with a splint
• C. Apply ice to the bite area
• D. Apply a tourniquet to the affected extremity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In cases of snake bites, it is essential to immobilize the affected extremity with a splint to prevent the spread of venom throughout the body. Raising the extremity above the heart level can promote venom spread, and applying ice or a tourniquet can worsen the condition. Immobilization helps reduce movement and slows the circulation of venom, aiding in the prevention of further complications.

4. A client who will undergo a bronchoscopy procedure with a rigid scope and general anesthesia will have their neck in which of the following positions?

• A. A flexed position
• B. An extended position
• C. A neutral position
• D. A hyperextended position

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During a bronchoscopy with a rigid scope and general anesthesia, the provider will typically place the client's neck in a hyperextended position to allow better visualization and access to the airways. This position helps to align the trachea for easier insertion of the scope.

5. A client with asthma is being taught about peak flow meter use. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will use my peak flow meter every morning.
• B. I will use my peak flow meter when I feel short of breath.
• C. I will use my peak flow meter before using my inhaler.
• D. I will use my peak flow meter after using my inhaler.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Using the peak flow meter every morning is crucial for monitoring asthma control and making timely treatment adjustments. While using the meter when feeling short of breath or before using an inhaler can also be beneficial, the daily morning routine helps in consistent management of asthma symptoms.

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