Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. What is the most important action to prevent infection?

• A. Use sterile gloves during the procedure.
• B. Clean the catheter insertion site with alcohol.
• C. Insert the catheter as quickly as possible.
• D. Use a smaller catheter size to minimize trauma.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Using sterile gloves during catheter insertion is crucial to prevent infection. Sterile gloves help maintain asepsis during the procedure, reducing the risk of introducing microorganisms into the urinary tract. Cleaning the insertion site with alcohol, as mentioned in choice B, is important but not as critical as using sterile gloves. Choice C, inserting the catheter as quickly as possible, is not recommended as it can lead to errors and increase the risk of contamination. Choice D, using a smaller catheter size to minimize trauma, is not directly related to preventing infection but rather focuses on patient comfort and reducing tissue damage.

2. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention?

• A. Administer a dextrose 50% IV bolus
• B. Provide 8 oz of orange juice
• C. Administer regular insulin IV infusion
• D. Give oral metformin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer regular insulin IV infusion. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the priority intervention is to rapidly decrease blood glucose levels. Administering regular insulin via IV infusion helps in lowering blood glucose effectively and quickly. Choice A, administering a dextrose 50% IV bolus, is incorrect because it would further increase blood sugar levels. Choice B, providing orange juice, is not appropriate for treating DKA as it contains sugar that will elevate blood glucose levels. Choice D, giving oral metformin, is not suitable for immediate blood glucose reduction as it acts over time and is not the first-line treatment for DKA.

3. A healthcare provider is planning care for a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following actions should the provider plan to take first?

• A. Assess for edema
• B. Evaluate electrolytes
• C. Restrict fluid intake
• D. Administer diuretics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Evaluating electrolytes is crucial when addressing fluid overload as it helps determine the severity of the imbalance and guides treatment. Assessing for edema (Choice A) is important but not the priority over evaluating electrolytes. Restricting fluid intake (Choice C) and administering diuretics (Choice D) are interventions that may be necessary but should be based on the electrolyte evaluation to ensure safe and effective care.

4. A client asks about becoming an organ donor. What information should the nurse provide?

• A. The process should be discussed with family first.
• B. The organ donation process should begin immediately.
• C. Organ donation can proceed even if the family disagrees.
• D. Donor cards must be signed in the presence of a witness.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. For organ donation to be legally valid, the donor must sign consent documents in the presence of a witness. Choice A is incorrect because while discussing with family is important, it is not a legal requirement for organ donation. Choice B is incorrect as the organ donation process involves various steps and procedures that cannot begin immediately. Choice C is incorrect because organ donation typically requires consent and cooperation from the family if the donor is unable to provide consent.

5. A nurse manager is teaching a group of staff members about proper body mechanics. Which of the following statements by a staff member indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should get assistance when lifting more than 35 pounds
• B. I will twist at my waist when moving an object
• C. I should hold objects 1 ft away from my body when I walk
• D. I will roll my shoulders forward to reduce strain on my back

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is the correct answer because lifting more than 35 pounds without assistance can cause injury, so getting help is crucial for proper body mechanics. Choice B is incorrect as twisting at the waist can lead to back injuries. Choice C is incorrect as holding objects closer to the body, not 1 ft away, is recommended to reduce strain. Choice D is incorrect as rolling shoulders forward can increase strain on the back instead of reducing it.

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