Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. What is the most important action to prevent infection?

• A. Use sterile gloves during the procedure.
• B. Clean the catheter insertion site with alcohol.
• C. Insert the catheter as quickly as possible.
• D. Use a smaller catheter size to minimize trauma.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Using sterile gloves during catheter insertion is crucial to prevent infection. Sterile gloves help maintain asepsis during the procedure, reducing the risk of introducing microorganisms into the urinary tract. Cleaning the insertion site with alcohol, as mentioned in choice B, is important but not as critical as using sterile gloves. Choice C, inserting the catheter as quickly as possible, is not recommended as it can lead to errors and increase the risk of contamination. Choice D, using a smaller catheter size to minimize trauma, is not directly related to preventing infection but rather focuses on patient comfort and reducing tissue damage.

2. Which of the following is the correct method to reduce the risk of infection when handling a urinary catheter?

• A. Clean the catheter tubing with soap and water.
• B. Maintain sterile technique when inserting the catheter.
• C. Insert the catheter using clean gloves and a clean technique.
• D. Flush the catheter tubing regularly with sterile water.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct method to reduce the risk of infection when handling a urinary catheter is to maintain sterile technique when inserting the catheter. Sterile technique helps prevent introducing pathogens into the urinary system, reducing the risk of infection. Choice A is incorrect because cleaning the catheter tubing with soap and water is not sufficient for preventing infection. Choice C is incorrect as clean gloves and technique are not enough; sterile technique is necessary. Choice D is incorrect as flushing the catheter tubing with sterile water, though important for maintaining catheter patency, does not address the need for sterile technique during insertion to prevent infection.

3. A patient is at risk for impaired skin integrity. What is the priority intervention for the nurse?

• A. Turn and reposition the patient every 2 hours.
• B. Apply a moisture barrier to the patient's skin.
• C. Massage the patient's skin to promote circulation.
• D. Apply a heating pad to the patient's skin to increase blood flow.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to turn and reposition the patient every 2 hours. This intervention is crucial in preventing pressure ulcers and maintaining skin integrity by relieving pressure on bony prominences. Applying a moisture barrier (Choice B) is important for moisture-associated skin damage but is not the priority in this case. Massaging the patient's skin (Choice C) can potentially cause friction and shear, increasing the risk of skin breakdown. Applying a heating pad (Choice D) can lead to burns or thermal injuries, exacerbating skin integrity issues.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is requesting to leave the facility against medical advice (AMA). The client states, 'I am ready to go immediately.' Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

• A. Teach the client about the potential health risks of leaving early
• B. Ask the client to sign a document stating they are leaving AMA
• C. Document the client's statement in direct quotes in the medical record
• D. Complete an incident report detailing the client scenario

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to educate the client about the potential health risks of leaving against medical advice (AMA). By providing this information, the nurse can help the client make an informed decision regarding their healthcare. Choice B, asking the client to sign a document, can be done after the client has been informed about the risks. Choice C, documenting the client's statement, is important but should not take precedence over educating the client. Choice D, completing an incident report, is not the priority when a client is requesting to leave AMA.

5. A patient with diabetes is admitted with high blood sugar levels. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

• A. Administer insulin as prescribed.
• B. Encourage the patient to exercise regularly.
• C. Encourage the patient to drink water.
• D. Provide the patient with a low-sugar diet.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering insulin is the priority intervention for a patient admitted with high blood sugar levels because it helps lower the blood sugar levels effectively and rapidly. Insulin is a crucial medication for managing hyperglycemia in diabetes. Encouraging exercise (choice B) can be beneficial in the long term for managing blood sugar levels but is not the most immediate priority. While staying hydrated (choice C) is important, it is not the priority intervention when dealing with high blood sugar levels. Providing a low-sugar diet (choice D) is essential for long-term diabetes management but is not the immediate action needed to address high blood sugar levels in an admitted patient.

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