Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is completing an admission assessment on an adolescent client who is a vegetarian. He eats milk products but does not like beans. Which of the following items should the nurse suggest the client order for lunch to provide the nutrients most likely to be lacking in his diet?

• A. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
• B. Baked potato topped with sour cream
• C. Bagel with cream cheese
• D. Fruit salad

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Fruit salad.' Since the adolescent client is a vegetarian who eats milk products but does not like beans, suggesting a fruit salad for lunch would provide essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber that are commonly found in fruits. Fruit salad can help supplement the nutrients that may be lacking in his diet. Choices A, B, and C do not offer the same variety and quantity of nutrients as a fruit salad, making them less optimal choices for meeting the client's dietary needs.

2. A woman who has been following a vegan diet may need ____ supplements.

• A. vitamin C and vitamin A
• B. vitamin D and vitamin B12
• C. vitamin E and K
• D. vitamin D and niacin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin D and vitamin B12. Vegans may need to supplement vitamin D and B12 as these nutrients are mainly found in animal products. While choices A, C, and D are essential vitamins, they are not typically lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamin C can be obtained from various plant sources, vitamin A can be derived from beta-carotene in plants, and vitamin E and K are also found in plant-based foods. Niacin, although important, can be sourced from plant-based sources and is not a common deficiency in vegan diets.

3. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of acute pancreatitis cases are caused by gallstones or _____.

• A. infection
• B. alcohol abuse
• C. diabetes
• D. obesity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Alcohol abuse is indeed a major cause of acute pancreatitis, along with gallstones, accounting for the majority of cases. While infections, diabetes, and obesity can also contribute to pancreatitis, they are not as prevalent as alcohol abuse and gallstones in causing acute pancreatitis.

4. Digestible carbs are absorbed as ___ through the small intestinal wall and are delivered to the liver, which releases ___ into the bloodstream.

• A. glucose
• B. monosaccharides
• C. galactose
• D. disaccharides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as monosaccharides (simple sugars) like glucose, which the liver can release into the bloodstream for energy.

5. A client with a large lower-leg ulcer needs protein for wound healing. Which of the following foods should the nurse suggest?

• A. Kidney beans
• B. Grilled salmon
• C. Peanut butter
• D. Raw spinach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Grilled salmon is the best choice for providing high-quality protein for wound healing. Salmon is rich in essential amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D, which can help promote tissue repair and reduce inflammation. Kidney beans, peanut butter, and raw spinach are good protein sources but do not offer the same level of high-quality protein and nutrients needed specifically for wound healing.

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