Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma at the oncology clinic. The nurse should be aware of what main goal of care?

• A. Cure of the disease
• B. Enhancing quality of life
• C. Controlling symptoms
• D. Palliation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The goal in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma is cure.

2. A client with cancer has anorexia and mucositis, and is losing weight. The client’s family members continually bring favorite foods to the client and are distressed when the client won’t eat them. What action by the nurse is best?

• A. Explain the pathophysiologic reasons behind the client not eating.
• B. Help the family show other ways to demonstrate love and caring.
• C. Suggest foods and liquids the client might be willing to try to eat.
• D. Tell the family the client isn’t able to eat now no matter what they bring.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best action for the nurse in this situation is to help the family show other ways to demonstrate love and caring. When a client with cancer is experiencing anorexia and mucositis, it can be challenging for them to eat even their favorite foods. By assisting the family in finding alternative ways to provide comfort and care, the nurse can help create a supportive environment for the client. Option A is not the best choice as explaining the pathophysiologic reasons may not address the emotional needs of the client and family. Option C, suggesting foods and liquids, might not be helpful if the client is unable to tolerate them due to their condition. Option D, telling the family that the client can't eat, may come across as dismissive and not supportive of the family's concerns.

3. Nurse Casey is preparing to administer chemotherapy to a client with leukemia. The nurse wears gloves and a gown to administer the medication and to prevent exposure to the agent by which of the following routes?

• A. By ingestion
• B. By skin contact
• C. By absorption
• D. By inhalation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents can be hazardous to healthcare workers if they are exposed to the drugs during preparation or administration. One of the primary risks is inhalation, where small particles or aerosols of the drug can become airborne and be inhaled, potentially causing harm to the nurse. Protective gear such as gloves and a gown, as well as masks or respirators in some cases, helps prevent this type of exposure.

4. A nursing student is caring for a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who is preparing to undergo induction therapy. In preparing a plan of care for this patient, the student should assign the highest priority to which nursing diagnosis?

• A. Activity Intolerance
• B. Risk for Infection
• C. Acute Confusion
• D. Risk for Spiritual Distress

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk for Infection. Induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia suppresses the immune system, making the patient highly susceptible to infections due to neutropenia. Preventing infections is crucial in these patients to avoid complications. Activity Intolerance (Choice A) may be a concern, but infection prevention is of higher priority. Acute Confusion (Choice C) and Risk for Spiritual Distress (Choice D) are not the immediate priorities in this situation.

5. The nurse has educated a client on precautions to take with thrombocytopenia. What statement by the client indicates a need to review the information?

• A. I will be careful if I need enemas for constipation.
• B. I will use an electric shaver instead of a razor.
• C. I should only eat soft food that is either cool or warm.
• D. I won’t be able to play sports with my grandkids.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because enemas can cause injury to a thrombocytopenic client due to the risk of bleeding. Choices B, C, and D are correct precautions for a client with thrombocytopenia. Using an electric shaver reduces the risk of cuts that could lead to bleeding. Eating soft, cool, or warm food helps prevent injuries to the oral mucosa. Avoiding activities like sports that carry a risk of injury is also advisable.

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