a nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes what is the most important aspect of teaching the nurse should focus on

ATI RN

ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam

1. A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. What is the most important aspect of teaching the nurse should focus on?

A. The importance of regular exercise
B. Proper administration of insulin
C. Maintaining a low-carbohydrate diet
D. Recognizing signs of hyperglycemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Proper administration of insulin is crucial for clients with type 1 diabetes as they are dependent on insulin for blood glucose control.

2. How does the pain of a myocardial infarction (MI) differ from stable angina?

A. Accompanied by shortness of breath
B. Feelings of fear or anxiety
C. Lasts about 3-5 minutes
D. Relieved by taking nitroglycerin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pain of an MI is often accompanied by shortness of breath and feelings of fear or anxiety. It typically lasts longer than 15 minutes and is not relieved by nitroglycerin. Unlike stable angina, the pain of an MI occurs without a known cause such as exertion.

3. A client with tuberculosis (TB) is taking isoniazid (INH). Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include?

A. Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
B. Avoid exposure to sunlight while taking this medication.
C. Report any numbness or tingling in extremities.
D. Have liver function tests done regularly.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Regular monitoring of liver function tests is crucial for clients taking isoniazid (INH) due to the potential risk of hepatotoxicity. Isoniazid can cause liver damage, and early detection through routine liver function tests can help prevent severe complications.

4. Prior to a thoracentesis, what intervention should the nurse complete?

A. Measure oxygen saturation before and after the procedure.
B. Verify that the client has given informed consent.
C. Explain the procedure briefly to the client and their family.
D. Ensure informed consent has been obtained from the client.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Before a thoracentesis procedure, it is crucial to ensure that the client has given informed consent. This process involves explaining the procedure, its risks, benefits, and alternatives to the client, and obtaining their signature on the consent form. Verifying informed consent is a vital legal and ethical step to protect the client's autonomy and ensure they have made an informed decision about the procedure.

5. While dining at a restaurant, a person begins to choke. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Instruct the person to call 911.
B. Ask the person if he/she can speak.
C. Use the jaw-thrust maneuver.
D. Perform abdominal thrusts.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When encountering a choking individual, the nurse should first assess the person's ability to speak. If the person can speak, it indicates that their airway is partially obstructed, allowing some air to pass. In this case, encouraging the person to continue coughing and monitoring them closely may be appropriate. If the person cannot speak, it may suggest a complete airway obstruction and immediate intervention is required. Instructing the person to call 911 (Choice A) may be necessary if the situation worsens. Using the jaw-thrust maneuver (Choice C) is not appropriate for a choking victim. Performing abdominal thrusts (Choice D) is typically recommended for conscious choking victims, not chest compressions.