ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Test Bank
1. A client has a new prescription for Nitroglycerin to treat angina. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take this medication only when experiencing chest pain.
- B. Store the medication in a cool, dry place.
- C. Apply the patch to a different site each time.
- D. Do not cut the patch regardless of your blood pressure.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When using Nitroglycerin patches to treat angina, it is crucial to apply the patch to a different site each time. This practice helps prevent skin irritation and ensures proper absorption of the medication, optimizing its effectiveness in managing angina symptoms.
2. When admitting a client and completing a preassessment before administering medications, which of the following data should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Use of herbal teas
- B. Daily fluid intake
- C. Current health status
- D. Previous surgical history
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Use of herbal teas.' The nurse should inquire about the client's use of herbal teas because they often contain caffeine, which can impact medication biotransformation. This information is crucial to ensure the safe and effective administration of medications and to prevent potential drug interactions. Choice B, 'Daily fluid intake,' while important for overall assessment, is not directly related to medication administration. Choice C, 'Current health status,' is essential but not specific to medication administration preassessment. Choice D, 'Previous surgical history,' although relevant for a client's medical history, is not directly linked to medication administration preassessment.
3. What instruction should the nurse give regarding the adverse effect of dry mouth associated with diphenhydramine for a client with poison ivy?
- A. Administer the medication with food.
- B. Chew on sugarless gum or suck on hard, sour candies.
- C. Place a humidifier at your bedside every evening.
- D. Discontinue the medication and notify your provider.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for dry mouth associated with diphenhydramine is to chew on sugarless gum or suck on hard, sour candies. These actions stimulate saliva production, providing relief from dry mouth. Administering the medication with food (Choice A) may help reduce stomach upset but won't address dry mouth. Placing a humidifier at the bedside (Choice C) can help with dry air-related issues but won't specifically target dry mouth. Discontinuing the medication (Choice D) without consulting the provider is not recommended and may lead to inadequate treatment of poison ivy.
4. A client has a new prescription for metronidazole. The client should avoid which of the following?
- A. Dairy products
- B. Alcohol
- C. Leafy green vegetables
- D. Grapefruit juice
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alcohol. Clients should avoid alcohol while taking metronidazole to prevent a disulfiram-like reaction, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and flushing. Alcohol can interact with metronidazole and lead to adverse effects. Choices A, C, and D are not typically contraindicated with metronidazole. Dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and grapefruit juice do not have significant interactions with metronidazole, unlike alcohol.
5. A healthcare provider is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client experiences permanent extrapyramidal effects caused by a previous medication. The healthcare provider should recognize that the medication affected which of the following systems in the client?
- A. Cardiovascular
- B. Immune
- C. Central nervous
- D. Gastrointestinal
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Central nervous. Extrapyramidal effects are movement disorders that can be caused by certain medications affecting the central nervous system, such as typical antipsychotic medications. These effects can lead to symptoms like tremors, muscle rigidity, and involuntary movements, which are all related to disruptions in the central nervous system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because extrapyramidal effects are specifically associated with the central nervous system and not the cardiovascular, immune, or gastrointestinal systems.
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