Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?

• A. Hypotension
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Facial edema
• D. Weight gain

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to protein loss in the urine. This results in hypoalbuminemia, causing fluid retention and edema. Therefore, weight gain due to fluid retention is a common finding in children with nephrotic syndrome.

2. A newborn's parents are being taught about ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following instructions should be included?

• A. Place the infant in a prone position to sleep.
• B. Allow the infant to sleep on a large pillow.
• C. Use a soft mattress in the infant's crib.
• D. Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction to prevent SIDS is to give the infant a pacifier at bedtime. The use of a pacifier while the infant is sleeping is associated with a decreased risk of SIDS. Placing the infant on their back to sleep is recommended to prevent SIDS, not in a prone position (Choice A). Allowing the infant to sleep on a large pillow (Choice B) is dangerous and increases the risk of SIDS. Using a soft mattress in the infant's crib (Choice C) is also a risk factor for SIDS, so it should be avoided. Additionally, soft bedding or pillows should be avoided to reduce the risk of SIDS.

3. What is it called when the therapist adjusts the difficulty level of an activity to match the child's abilities by bringing a toy closer for them to successfully reach and grasp during therapy?

• A. Compensating
• B. Adapting
• C. Grading
• D. Modifying

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Grading. Grading involves adjusting the difficulty level of an activity to match the child's abilities. Bringing a toy closer for easier reach is an example of grading in therapy, helping the child succeed in reaching and grasping the toy within their current capabilities. Choice A, Compensating, implies making up for a deficit, which is not the case here. Choice B, Adapting, suggests changing the activity itself, not just the difficulty level. Choice D, Modifying, indicates altering the toy or the task itself, rather than adjusting the task's difficulty level.

4. A nurse administers naloxone (Narcan) to a post-op patient experiencing respiratory sedation. What undesirable effect would the nurse anticipate after giving this medication?

• A. Drowsiness
• B. Tics and tremors
• C. Increased Pain
• D. Nausea and vomiting

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone reverses the effects of narcotics. Although the patient�s respiratory status will improve after administration of naloxone, the pain will be more acute.

5. Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the process involved with a kidney transplant for a child with renal failure?

• A. We are happy that our child will not have to take any more medicine after the transplant.
• B. We understand that our child will not be at risk anymore for catching colds from other children at school.
• C. We will be glad that we will not have to bring our child in to see the doctor again.
• D. We know it is important to ensure that our child takes prescribed medications after the transplant.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because parents should understand the importance of medication adherence post-transplant to prevent rejection. Following the prescribed medication regimen is crucial for the success of the kidney transplant and the overall health of the child. Monitoring and ensuring the child takes their medications as directed by the healthcare provider are essential components of post-transplant care. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the critical aspect of medication management post-transplant, which is vital for the child's well-being and the success of the procedure.

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