Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?

• A. Hypotension
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Facial edema
• D. Weight gain

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to protein loss in the urine. This results in hypoalbuminemia, causing fluid retention and edema. Therefore, weight gain due to fluid retention is a common finding in children with nephrotic syndrome.

2. A child is being assessed for acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Hematuria
• B. Polyuria
• C. Hypertension
• D. Diarrhea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), hypertension is a common finding due to fluid retention and decreased kidney function. This condition often presents with hypertension as a result of sodium and water retention, as well as reduced glomerular filtration rate. Hematuria, not diarrhea, is also a common symptom of APSGN due to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli. Polyuria, an increase in urine output, is not a typical finding in APSGN unless severe kidney damage leads to decreased urine concentrating ability.

3. Which stage of motor learning is illustrated as the toddler attempts to place a shape into a container multiple times using an effective reach and grasp pattern often but makes errors?

• A. Skill Acquisition
• B. Perceptual Learning
• C. Functional Performance
• D. Exploratory Activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Perceptual Learning. In this stage, the toddler learns from sensory input and refines their movements over time, even though errors may still occur. This process involves improving coordination and fine-tuning motor skills based on feedback from repeated attempts.

4. What is the priority nursing action when preparing a neonate born with a gastroschisis defect for transport to a pediatric hospital for corrective surgery?

• A. Covering the exposed intestines with sterile moist gauze
• B. Wrapping the newborn warmly in two or three blankets
• C. Providing sterile water feeding to maintain hydration during transport
• D. Allowing the parents of the newborn to see their child prior to transport

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing action when preparing a neonate born with a gastroschisis defect for transport is to cover the exposed intestines with sterile moist gauze. This action helps prevent infection and keeps the tissue viable during transportation to the pediatric hospital for corrective surgery.

5. A nurse assesses a male patient who has developed gynecomastia while receiving treatment for peptic ulcers. Which medication from the patient�s history should the nurse recognize as a contributing factor?

• A. Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
• B. Cimetidine (Tagamet)
• C. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
• D. Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cimetidine binds to androgen receptors, producing receptor blockade, which can cause enlarged breast tissue, reduced libido, and impotence. All these effects reverse when dosing stops. Amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazole are not associated with gynecomastia.

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