Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?

• A. Hypotension
• B. Hyperglycemia
• C. Facial edema
• D. Weight gain

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to protein loss in the urine. This results in hypoalbuminemia, causing fluid retention and edema. Therefore, weight gain due to fluid retention is a common finding in children with nephrotic syndrome.

2. Which assessment finding would necessitate action by the nurse for a 10-month-old child who is 4 hours postoperative for the placement of a urethral stent?

• A. Bloody urine
• B. One void since returning from surgery
• C. Bladder spasms responding to pharmacologic intervention
• D. Double diapering from the previous shift

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a postoperative scenario after the placement of a urethral stent, monitoring the child's voiding frequency is crucial. Having only one void since returning from surgery could indicate potential issues like urinary retention, which necessitates prompt nursing intervention to prevent complications.

3. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

• A. Encourage the child to sleep for 8 hours each night.
• B. Perform range-of-motion exercises once per week.
• C. Give your child NSAIDs on a regular schedule.
• D. Apply heat to the child's affected joints twice daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the parent to give the child NSAIDs on a regular schedule to maintain therapeutic levels and control pain.

4. A parent of a school-age child is receiving discharge teaching following a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following instructions should be included by the nurse?

• A. Allow the child to bathe 6 hours after the procedure.
• B. Keep the child on bed rest for 12 hours.
• C. Maintain a pressure dressing on the site for 8 hours.
• D. Resume regular activities the day after the procedure.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction that the nurse should include is to keep the child on bed rest for 12 hours following a cardiac catheterization. This is important to prevent bleeding at the insertion site and ensure proper healing. Allowing the child to bathe soon after the procedure, maintaining a pressure dressing for only 8 hours, or resuming regular activities the day after the procedure can increase the risk of complications such as bleeding or infection.

5. When evaluating infants and young children in early intervention services, which of the following is recommended?

• A. Gain information from family, caregivers, professionals, and the child to create a total picture of the child's strengths and challenges
• B. Report test scores and therapist observations rather than parent reports
• C. Identify the areas of concern, weaknesses, and deficits to best address the child's and family's needs
• D. Observe the child in one setting with objective data from professionals

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When evaluating infants and young children in early intervention services, it is crucial to gather information from multiple sources, including family, caregivers, professionals, and the child. This holistic approach helps create a comprehensive understanding of the child's strengths and challenges, leading to a more effective intervention plan.

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