a nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client ph 748 pao2 98 mm hg paco2 28 mm hg and hco3 22 meql which client condition shou

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client: pH 7.48, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 28 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which client condition should the nurse correlate with these results?

A. Diarrhea and vomiting for 36 hours
B. . Anxiety-induced hyperventilation
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis and emphysema

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

2. A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood values: pH 7.12, PaO2 56 mm Hg, PaCO2 65 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which clinical situation should the nurse correlate with these values?

A. . Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person with emphysema
B. Bronchial obstruction related to aspiration of a hot dog
C. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation in an adolescen
D. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older, frail woman

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

3. Who would have the greatest percentage of body water?

A. an obese male
B. a nonobese male
C. a nonobese female
D. a newborn

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Newborns have a higher percentage of body water compared to adults due to their higher body fluid content. Factors such as the higher ratio of body surface area to body volume and lower body fat content contribute to this. This is why a newborn would have the greatest percentage of body water. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because obesity and gender do not determine the percentage of body water in individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is a newborn.

4. Which negative ion is most important in intracellular fluid?

A. Phosphate ions.
B. Protein molecules.
C. Chlorine.
D. Phosphate ions and protein molecules.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Intracellular fluid contains phosphate ions and protein molecules as essential anions. Phosphate ions play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including energy transfer. Proteins, being large molecules with negative charges, also contribute significantly to the negative ion concentration within cells. Chlorine is primarily an extracellular anion and is not as prominent as phosphate ions and proteins within intracellular fluid, making it a less important negative ion in this context. Therefore, the correct answer is D because both phosphate ions and protein molecules are crucial negative ions in intracellular fluid.

5. Which hormone is made in the pituitary gland and increases water absorption in the kidney?

A. Intracellular fluid
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Plasma
D. ADH

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, ADH (Antidiuretic hormone). ADH is produced by the pituitary gland and functions to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not refer to a hormone responsible for increasing water absorption in the kidney.