a nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client ph 748 pao2 98 mm hg paco2 28 mm hg and hco3 22 meql which client condition shou

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A nurse evaluates the following arterial blood gas values in a client: pH 7.48, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 28 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which client condition should the nurse correlate with these results?

A. Diarrhea and vomiting for 36 hours
B. . Anxiety-induced hyperventilation
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis and emphysema

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

2. A nurse assesses a client who has a radial artery catheter. Which assessment should the nurse complete first?

A. . Amount of pressure in fluid container
B. Date of catheter tubing change
C. Percent of heparin in infusion container
D. . Presence of an ulnar pulse

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. What is the main water-holding force in the blood capillaries?

A. Capillary blood pressure
B. Sodium in the blood plasma
C. Protein in the blood plasma
D. Chloride in the blood plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein in the blood plasma. Plasma proteins, especially albumin, create oncotic pressure, which is the main force responsible for holding water within the blood capillaries. Capillary blood pressure (Choice A) is involved in pushing blood through the capillaries, while sodium and chloride in the blood plasma (Choices B and D) are electrolytes and do not play a significant role in the water-holding force within capillaries.

4. A nurse is assessing clients who have intravenous therapy prescribed. Which assessment finding for a client with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) requires immediate attention?

A. The initial site dressing is 3 days old.
B. The PICC was inserted 4 weeks ago.
C. A securement device is absent.
D. Upper extremity swelling is noted.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

5. Which negative ion is most abundant in blood plasma?

A. Bicarbonate
B. Chloride
C. Hydroxide
D. Phosphate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chloride (Cl-) is the most abundant anion in blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance and acid-base homeostasis. Bicarbonate (Choice A) is important for buffering acids in the body but is not the most abundant negative ion in blood plasma. Hydroxide (Choice C) is not typically found in high concentrations in blood plasma. Phosphate (Choice D) is an important anion in the body but is not as abundant as chloride in blood plasma.