Nursing Elites

1. What information should a working mother who wants to continue breastfeeding her infant by occasionally pumping milk ahead of time be given to help her successfully maintain breastfeeding?

• A. Breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days
• B. Breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months
• C. Heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality
• D. Breast milk can be expressed either by hand or with an electric pump

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This information is crucial as it informs the mother of her options for expressing milk, which is the first step in being able to store and later feed it to her child while she's away at work. Choice A has been corrected to state that breast milk can be refrigerated for up to 4 days, providing a more accurate storage timeframe. Choice B has been revised to indicate that breast milk stored in a deep freezer can be kept for up to 12 months, aligning with the recommended storage duration. Choice C now highlights that heating breast milk in the microwave can degrade its nutritional quality, emphasizing the importance of using proper methods for warming breast milk and avoiding potential harm to the baby's health and well-being.

2. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?

• A. chicken
• B. wine
• C. white bread
• D. broccoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.

3. A caregiver is teaching a parent about recommended protein intake for a toddler. Which of the following food selections is equivalent to 1 oz of protein?

• A. 2 tbsp peanut butter
• B. ½ cup peas
• C. 1 slice of bread
• D. 1 scrambled egg

Correct answer: D

Rationale: One scrambled egg is equivalent to 1 oz of protein, making it a suitable choice for a toddler's diet. A ½ cup of peas (choice B) does not provide 1 oz of protein but is still a good source of protein. 2 tbsp of peanut butter (choice A) contains more than 1 oz of protein. 1 slice of bread (choice C) typically provides less protein than 1 oz.

4. You are a researcher testing out the effects of a new food molecule—MEGA—on bone health. In order to know if it actually travels to bone cells in the body, you first need to find out if it gets absorbed in the bloodstream. You eat a food containing MEGA, and you measure the molecule in your urine and feces. You only detect MEGA in the feces. Was MEGA absorbed?

• A. No—absorbed compounds show up in urine, not feces
• B. Yes—absorbed compounds show up in feces, not urine
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: If MEGA was only detected in feces and not in urine, it was not absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorbed compounds typically appear in urine after processing by the body. The correct answer is A because the presence of a compound in feces indicates that it was not absorbed by the body and passed through the digestive system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the process of absorption and excretion in the body.

5. What is the fundamental difference between nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems?

• A. Collaborative problems are managed by nurses using physician-prescribed interventions.
• B. Collaborative problems can be addressed by independent nursing interventions.
• C. Physician-prescribed interventions are incorporated into nursing diagnoses.
• D. Nursing diagnoses include physiologic complications that nurses monitor to detect status changes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, as collaborative problems necessitate the collective expertise and skills of numerous healthcare professionals, including nurses. These problems can be dealt with through independent nursing interventions in cooperation with other team members. Option A is incorrect because collaborative problems aren't strictly managed with physician-prescribed interventions. Option C is incorrect because nursing diagnoses aim at identifying and treating actual or potential health issues, rather than merely integrating physician-prescribed interventions. Option D is incorrect because nursing diagnoses aim at identifying patient issues, not solely physiologic complications, and guide the necessary nursing care, not just monitor for changes.

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