Nursing Elites

1. What is a major feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for the treatment of high blood cholesterol?

• A. Avoiding all foods that contain cholesterol
• B. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2 g/day
• C. Limiting total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake
• D. Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake.' This is a central feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for treating high blood cholesterol. Saturated fats can increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Choice A is incorrect because while it is recommended to limit cholesterol intake, it's not suggested to avoid all foods containing cholesterol entirely in the TLC. Choice B is also incorrect as although reducing sodium intake is beneficial for controlling blood pressure, it's not specifically targeted in the TLC for managing high cholesterol. Lastly, while limiting total fat intake is a healthy guideline, it's not as specific or effective as limiting saturated fat intake, making choice C also incorrect.

2. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for clients in the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder is:

• A. Risk for injury directed to self
• B. Risk for injury directed to others
• C. Impaired nutrition less than body requirements
• D. Ineffective individual coping

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. Dental hygienists should not encourage patients with eating disorders such as bulimia to brush immediately after vomiting because self-induced vomiting causes erosion of tooth enamel and dentin hypersensitivity.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The corrected question emphasizes that patients with eating disorders like bulimia should not brush immediately after vomiting as it can worsen enamel erosion due to the acidic content in the mouth. The correct answer is D because patients should rinse with water or a fluoride mouthwash instead of brushing to protect their teeth. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging patients to brush after vomiting is not recommended. Choice B is incorrect as the reason provided is valid but not suitable for the action of encouraging brushing. Choice C is incorrect as the reason for not brushing after vomiting is to prevent enamel erosion.

4. A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Increased vital capacity
• B. Dry skin
• C. Heat intolerance
• D. Decreased mental status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malnutrition can lead to a variety of physical and mental symptoms. One common manifestation of malnutrition is a decreased mental status, which includes confusion, lethargy, and cognitive impairment. Dry skin is a typical finding in malnutrition due to the lack of essential nutrients needed for skin health. Heat intolerance is not a direct consequence of malnutrition. While malnutrition can affect respiratory function, it typically leads to decreased vital capacity rather than increased. Therefore, the correct answer is decreased mental status.

5. Which mineral is a principal component of cell membranes?

• A. phosphorus
• B. magnesium
• C. iron
• D. iodine

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Phosphorus is the correct answer. It is a key component of cell membranes, being part of the phospholipid bilayer that provides structure and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. Magnesium, iron, and iodine do not serve as principal components of cell membranes. Magnesium is involved in various enzymatic reactions, iron is essential for oxygen transport, and iodine plays a role in thyroid hormone synthesis.

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