Nursing Elites

1. A client with suspected gastric cancer undergoes an endoscopy of the stomach. Which of the following assessments made after the procedure would indicate the development of a potential complication?

• A. The client complains of a sore throat
• B. The client displays signs of sedation
• C. The client experiences a sudden increase in temperature
• D. The client demonstrates a lack of appetite

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature after an endoscopy can indicate a potential complication, such as perforation.

2. The client with peptic ulcer disease is scheduled for a pyloroplasty. The client asks the nurse about the procedure. The nurse plans to respond knowing that a pyloroplasty involves:

• A. Cutting the vagus nerve
• B. Removing the distal portion of the stomach
• C. Removal of the ulcer and a large portion of the cells that produce hydrochloric acid
• D. An incision and resuturing of the pylorus to relax the muscle and enlarge the opening from the stomach to the duodenum.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A pyloroplasty involves making an incision in the pylorus (the opening from the stomach to the duodenum) and then resuturing it to relax the muscle and enlarge the opening.

3. A patient has a severe exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Long-term medications will probably include:

• A. Antacids.
• B. Antibiotics.
• C. Corticosteroids.
• D. Histamine2-receptor blockers.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Long-term medications for a severe exacerbation of ulcerative colitis probably include corticosteroids.

4. A client with which of the following conditions may be likely to develop rectal cancer?

• A. Adenomatous polyps
• B. Diverticulitis
• C. Hemorrhoids
• D. Peptic ulcer disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adenomatous polyps are a known risk factor for the development of rectal cancer.

5. A 30-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with complaints of severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the patient's intravenous therapy. Which of the following laboratory tests BEST reflects hydration status?

• A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
• B. White blood cell count.
• C. Hematocrit.
• D. Serum glucose.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hematocrit is the best indicator of hydration status because it reflects the proportion of red blood cells in the blood. An increased hematocrit indicates dehydration, as the blood becomes more concentrated due to fluid loss. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Choice A) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation, not hydration status. White blood cell count (Choice B) is an indicator of infection or inflammation. Serum glucose (Choice D) is used to monitor blood sugar levels, not hydration status.

Similar Questions