Nursing Elites

1. A child is refusing to use the potty and having accidents, even though he has achieved toilet training. This is an example of which type of behavior?

• A. Positive reinforcement
• B. Desensitization
• C. Phobia
• D. Regression

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, regression. Regression occurs when a child reverts to an earlier behavior, such as having accidents after being successfully toilet trained. This regression often happens due to stress or changes in routine. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because positive reinforcement involves encouraging desired behavior, desensitization is a process of reducing sensitivity to a stimulus, and phobia is an intense fear or aversion to a specific object or situation, none of which directly apply to the described situation of the child having accidents after being toilet trained.

2. The parents of a school-age child ask the nurse if she thinks that their child has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which statement regarding the child’s behavior at school is most indicative of ADHD?

• A. He finishes his work on time in order to go to recess.
• B. He occasionally gets into trouble for talking.
• C. He enjoys math but does not like reading.
• D. He cannot sit still in his seat and constantly moves his legs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The most indicative behavior of ADHD is the inability to sit still and constant movement, known as hyperactivity. This behavior is a hallmark symptom of ADHD, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C do not specifically reflect the characteristic hyperactivity associated with ADHD, making them less indicative of the disorder. While option B suggests impulsivity, it is not as specific to ADHD as the hyperactivity described in option D.

3. The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?

• A. I can give my baby a ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics to feel
• B. I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby
• C. I should introduce a cup and spoon or push-pull toys for my baby at this age
• D. I do not have to worry about appropriate play activities at this age

Correct answer: B

Rationale: At 2 months, infants are most stimulated by visual and auditory activities, such as a music box or soft mobiles. These activities help in sensory development and are appropriate for this age.

4. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation. The mother asks the nurse for information on nutrition and if formula would be better since the baby is premature. What is the foundation for the response to the mother by the nurse?

• A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition.
• B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients when the infant is preterm.
• C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred over other types of nutrition.
• D. Commercial infant formulas have not been designed to meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Human milk is the preferred food for infants, including preterm infants. It contains essential ingredients necessary for the infant's growth and development. The mother should pump her breasts to provide milk for the infant if the child is receiving enteral feedings. Once the infant can coordinate breathing, sucking, and swallowing, breastfeeding directly is encouraged. Studies have shown that preterm infants fed fortified human milk have better outcomes compared to those fed commercial infant formulas. Commercial infant formulas may not fully meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, leading to potential longer hospital stays. Therefore, human milk is the best choice for feeding premature infants.

5. The nurse is taking a health history of an adolescent. Which best describes how the chief complaint should be determined?

• A. Request a detailed listing of symptoms.
• B. Ask the adolescent, "Why did you come here today?"
• C. Interview the parent away from the adolescent to determine the chief complaint
• D. Use what the adolescent says to determine, in correct medical terminology, what the problem is

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asking the adolescent directly about the reason for their visit encourages open communication and helps the nurse understand the primary concern from the patient's perspective.

Similar Questions